Introduction
Development of Old Public Administration (OPA) to New Public Management (NPM) have affected governmental and bureaucracy systems in some countries. Bureaucracy systems in the beginning were indicated as corrupt, slowly, costly, and inefficient. There were improvement in the bureaucracy system after NPM came to bring new ‘soul’ for the system. NPM paradigm is an approach in public administration that apply business and other principles to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and performance of public services in a modern bureaucracy. A country with governmental systems has two objectives, in specifically to improve the quality of life for its citizens and in generally to give happiness to the people who live in it. NPM as
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The consequences are regional autonomy as decentralized implementation units and can act as a service centre, increasing administrative efficiency through the implementation of public service on a competitive basis, the budget allocation based on output (services, law enforcement and the results/outcomes) rather than on inputs (personnel and equipment), the decentralization of decision-making to make it more responsive to the needs of the community, increased performance and cost effectiveness, treat people as customers, both internally from other government agencies or externally from members of the public so that public services can run prime. New Public Management is mainly applied not only in countries with high levels of prosperity such as the UK, Sweden, or New Zealand, but also in countries with similar levels condition like Indonesia such as India, Thailand or Jamaica. Application of New Public Management in Indonesia can be seen from the application practice characteristics that being carried out by the government agencies in Indonesia. New Public Management has been tried to be applied in the Regional Government (Provinces), which is in line with the implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia in 2004. It could be said, that the application of the New Public Management have a positive impact in some things., for example, increase the efficiency and productivity …show more content…
Some of the main characters of New Public Management (NPM): a) Focus on the management not policy b) Clear standards and performance indicators against which the achievement c) Focusing on results (output and outcome) is not a procedure d) Competition in the public service (contract, tender, mechanism of monetary incentives and freedom in public sector management practices). NPM global movement that hit many developing countries, need to be observed and scrutinized whether NPM is appropriate to be applied by developing countries, including Indonesia. The application of the NPM concept in some countries both developed and developing countries is also quite varied and highly influenced by local context each
Politics or politicking is a game that is more ostensible and reserved for the political arena; however, metaphorically, much of the political discourse can also be found within organizations. Politics in organizations, then, is design for groups to reconcile differences between interests, conflicts, and power (Morgan, 2006). The case study to be analyze (Cutting Back at City Hall) is one that illustrates all three aspects of interests, conflicts, and power as the City of Smithville, the Fraternal Order of Police (FOP), the International Association of Firefighters (IAF), and the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) deliberate the city’s proposed budget.
Modern Bureaucracy in the United States serves to administer, gather information, conduct investigations, regulate, and license. Once set up, a bureaucracy is inherently conservative. The reason the bureaucracy was initiated may not continue to exist as a need in the future. The need or reason may change with a change in the times and the culture needs. A bureaucracy tends to make decisions that protect it and further it’s own existence, possibly apart from the wishes of the populace. It may not consistently reflect what might be optimal in terms of the needs and wants of the people. Local governments employ most of the United States civil servants. The 14 cabinet departments in the U.S. are run day-to-day by career civil servants, which have a great deal of discretionary authority.
NRM reform of public sector which introduced the “serving the community” principle to the police force in 1992 marked the transformation to service-orientated stage. Changing brought challenges, Vision and mission statement is the mean for some public sector, like Police Force and social welfare department in Hong Kong, to coordinate the New Public Management and manage challenge brought by it.
Government in general has evolved from informal collaborative networks to large hierarchical bureaucracies and back to a need for operating through collaborative networks. These collaborative networks primarily involve government agencies partnering with private and non-profit organizations that allow government to operate more effectively and efficiently. Gaus (1947) used ecological definitions and concepts to describe the relationship between human behavior and public administration structures and their influence on public administration institutions and activities. This ecological approach relies on observations pertaining to people, environments, government functions, civic attitudes, and problems, that allow public administrators to respond successfully to the demands and challenges of the external environments other organizations (Gaus, 1947). The more expansive the environment, the more complex the environment is to navigate due to an increased number of variables to consider. The effective administrator possesses the appropriate skillset to manage these complexities and achieve the end result that is best for the public as a whole (Koliba, Meek, & Zia, 2010). Overall, navigating through public administration issues today requires administrators to possess a variety of skills and abilities including the management of bureaucratic and collaborative networks.
Kaboolian, L (1998) ‘the New Public Management: Challenging the Boundaries of the Management vs. Administration Debate.’ Public Administration Review 58(3): 189–93.
In the future I would like to see myself, as a continuously promoted public official who could possibly become a pro-active politician in today’s demanding political arena. To achieve this, I would like to gain more knowledge which can help me reach intellectual maturity to the latest practices adopted in the field of Public Administration. My desire for self-development in this area and curiosity to learn past and contemporary developments in different societies will help me to solve the problems easily.
Public Administration involves the development, implementation and management of policies for the attainment of set goals and objectives that will be to the benefit of the general public. Since Public Administration involves taking decisions that affect the use of public resources there is often the question of how to utilize public resources for maximum public good. The National Association of Public Administration has identified four pillars of public administration: economy, efficiency, effectiveness and social equity. These pillars are equally important in the practice of public administration and to its success. This paper seeks to explain the role of each of the pillars in the practice of public administration.
This essay discusses the radical transformation of the principles and foundations of public administration from traditional to New Public Management. Firstly the essay will attempt to define the key terms of traditional public administration and the doctrine of New Public Management. Rabin J. (2003) explains that New Public Management embodies “a process in public administration that uses information and experiences obtained in business management and other disciplines to improve efficiency, usefulness and general operation of public services in contemporary bureaucracies.“Traditional Public Administration progresses from governmental contributions, with services perceived by the bureaucracy.
NAZ, M. E. (2003). ORIGIN, IDEAS AND PRACTICE OF NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT:LESSONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Asian Affairs , 33.
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In the political approach, political authority is divided between a central government and the provincial or state governments. This means that some provinces or states are accorded a substantial measure of constitutional or legal sovereignty, although they still remain subordinates of the central government in certain constitutional or legal respects. The political approach promotes the political values of military strength, economic development, union, and representation. In addition, it is characterized by three central features: state sovereignty, bicameralism, and multiple layers of representation.
Public sector reforms adopted in a number of countries such as USA, UK and New Zealand in the last fifteen years and characterised by efficiency units, performance management, contracting out, market type mechanisms, and agency status have come to be known as the New Public Management or NPM. Appearance of the NPM as shifting the paradigm from the old traditional model of administration has been promoted by a remarkable degree of consensus among the political leadership of various countries and is presented today as the major tool for public sector management reforms.