Nursing theories have guided and improved nursing care practices for over 100 years. There are many different nursing theories and each theory is composed of its own unique ideas and characteristics. Nursing theories are developed by nurses and serve as models to deliver quality nursing care to patients. The nursing theories of Sister Callista Roy and Madeleine Leininger will be the focus of study in this essay. Sister Callista Roy’s theory is called the Adaptation Model of Nursing. Roy’s Adaptation Model of Nursing is based on three specific questions. Those questions are: Who is the focus of nursing care? What is the target of nursing care? And when is nursing care indicated? (Petiprin, 2015). In my own words, Roy’s Adaptation Model is best …show more content…
The four adaptation modes used to help patients adapt are: physiologic needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. By focusing on helping patients cope and adapt to stimuli in each of these modes, nurses are able to help patients successfully adapt to situations and improve their health or help them to be able to die with dignity (Petiprin, 2015). A person in Roy’s Adaptation Model is described as a biopsychosocial being who is constantly interacting with a changing environment. According to this model, people interact with their environment as a way to achieve equilibrium or balance in their daily lives (Zerwekh & Garneau, 2012). Health, according to Roy’s Adaptation Model, is the process of successfully coping with stressors in life. Illness is described as unsuccessful coping with stressors in life. Health and illness are expected and normal dimensions of a person’s life and are represented by a health-illness continuum (Petiprin, 2015). The environment, as described by Roy’s Adaptation Model, is anything that influences the development of a person. The environment consists of three components: focal, contextual, and residual stimuli. All conditions and circumstances that influence and affect the development of a person are considered to be part of that person’s environment (Petiprin,
Nursing theories are based on four meta-paradigms which are commonly accepted in the nursing profession. These include nursing, person, health, and environment. These meta-paradigms are represented in Dr. Barnard’s Nursing PCI
Through the appropriate educating of healthcare professionals in preventative and coping measures towards stress, communication is improved as well as worker self-awareness, allowing for increased patient care and safety (Pipe et al., 2011). This is often achieved through workplace seminars and/or general employee availability to workplace counsellors, promoting risk awareness and planning and preparation (Castleden, McKee, Murray, & Leonardi, 2011), allowing for the self-management of psychological health in events of shock and trauma. Training in resilience also promotes problem solving and persistence through encouraged self-reflection (Chen & 陳季員, 2011), characteristics crucial in the support of patient health. By self-reflecting, healthcare can recognise and solve psychological factors that may be inhibiting their work and/or their balance of their life outside of work. One example could be a nurse that has recently had a family member diagnosed with cancer, and as a result they had been neglecting regular clinical observations with one of their chemotherapy patients. Through the utilisation of resilient problem solving, the nurse is able to ask to swap patients with a co-worker, until they feel capable to professionally interact with the patient. Resilient responses, however , are not entirely fixed in consistency; they are often dictated by environment and resources (e.g. family members available, general physical health) and as a result of this subjective processing, responses will vary between patients (Southwick, 2011). This individual maintenance of resilience as a personal quality further justifies healthcare workers trained in effective coping mechanisms in order to provide an unbiased environment for unrestricted, unique, positive psychological responses. Overall, the
The development of nursing theories has provided a perspective in which one can define the purpose of nursing, when nursing is required, and establish the parameters and goals of therapeutic nursing activities (Ahmed,2001). A nursing theory is defined "as concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining and predicting the phenomena of nursing” (Boxer & Jones, 2010). In addition, nursing theories provide frameworks through which nurses can examine various situations. As nurses encounter new situations, these frameworks provide a structure for organization, analysis, decision making and communication (Ahmed, 2001). The following paper will discuss the middle range nursing theory of Family Stress and Adaptation by Geri LoBiondo-Wood, and how it relates to patient care and guides nursing practice.
McIntyre, M. & McDonald, C. (2014). Nursing Philosophies, Theories, Concepts, Frameworks, and Models. In Koizer, B., Erb, G., Breman, A., Snyder, S., Buck, M., Yiu, L., & Stamler, L. (Eds.), Fundamentals of Canadian nursing (3rd ed.). (pp.59-74). Toronto, Canada: Pearson.
Incorporating these theories into the everyday practice of nurses has developed a stronger and more advanced nursing discipline. The knowledge that the theorists shared strengthens the fundamentals of nursing concepts, values and beliefs that is being taught to each and every nursing generation to come. As a nurse, and someone who has sustained sleepless nights providing bedside care to the weak, frail and dying, practicing nursing through the components of nursing models in order reach an over all goal has been my struggle. Without theories, nursing would not be as advanced as it is scientifically, which would not benefit the
Nursing is a growing and constantly changing profession, making a bigger impact in healthcare with every turn. In fact, it was not so long ago that nursing was not even thought of as a profession and we have come a long way since the pioneer days of Florence Nightingale. Nursing is steadily evolving in terms of opportunities, educational requirements, professional recognition, and the advancement of nursing theories. These theories influence the environment, the patient, health, and overall nursing. Nursing theories will continue to evolve and guide as we continue to explore and learn new ways to improve overall nursing practice not only for the sake of the patients, but also for the future of nursing as a whole. However, when one looks to the future of nursing, they must also remember where it started; the basics of Florence Nightingale and that “Were there none who were discontented with what they have, the world would never reach anything better” (Nightingale, 1859).
The best way to look at nursing theories is like the foundational block. Nursing theories are important set the tone of how a nurse will practice. A nurse will use intuition, practice, past expertise and events, and couple with learned theories to work every day in order to give the best patient care. it is all the more important to appreciate what first advanced nursing beyond mechanisms of practice to becoming a knowledge-based force in healthcare: That force is nursing theory and the theoretical thinking and research that generate theory. The complexity and depth of nursing are reflected in its structure of knowledge, which includes discipline-specific components such as philosophies, theories, and research and practice methodologies”( Reed, 2006). Patient care is a wide topic, but a key role in a patient’s care is the patient themselves, an educated patient is vital to their well being and higher level of care.
Nursing theories developed by scientists provide a framework for the process of establishing nursing as a profession with a specific body of knowledge including nursing language, and nurse is able to communicate inside in and outside of the profession. Theory supports and defines nursing practice and is used in practice situation to provide solution to the problem, provides guidelines in patient’s quality care, and helps to resolve nursing challenges. The benefits of middle-range theories found primarily in the research studies to address particular client population, in education, patient
Nursing theory can be applied to resolve nursing problems or issues, irrespective of the field of practice. A nursing theory benefits nurses and the patients that are in his or her charge. . Depending on the issue or problem that is needed to be solved determines what theory needs to be used. Nursing theory started with Florence Nightingale. She believed that a clean environment would promote better health. Virginia Henderson’s need theory emphasizes the need to ensure that the patient’s independence is being increased while in a health care facility. Ensuring that a patient can increase his or her independence allows for them to experience better outcomes upon discharge home. This is just two examples of nursing theories that were used
Roy’s adaptation theory has had a significant impact on nursing and the way we view and approach patient care. It is a systemic approach to understanding and addressing the physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence needs of a patient and helping them adapt to their environment. By addressing each of theses needs we are able to treat them as a whole. It can be compared to the web of causation in that just as there are many factors that influence disease, by understanding addressing each factor individually, nurses can better treat the disease as a whole. Nurses can benefit by utilizing Roy’s adaptation theory during the nursing process to assist them with conducting a more thorough assessment and developing a more effective care plan.
Parker M. E., & Smith M. C. (2010). Nursing theories and nursing practice (3rd ed.).
Nursing theory is, “the principle that underpin practice and help to generate further nursing knowledge” (Colley, 2003, p. 33). Nursing theory is important in nursing practice. The two theorists that are relevant to my nursing practice are Florence Nightingale and Hildegard Peplau. Florence Nightingale theory was about the patient having a clean and healing environment (Smith & Park, 2015, p. 51). The theory that Hildegard Peplau created was the importance of nurse-patient relationships (Smith & Park, 2015, p. 68). Both of these theories put the patient’s safety and care first. When I am at work I try to form a healthy and healing relationship with all my patients. I also make sure the environment that they are in is conducive to healing, it is hard to do that sometime working in the emergency room. Sometimes it is the little things that a nurse can do for a patient that will make all the difference. Taking both of these theories into
Since its establishment as a profession more than a century ago, Nursing has been a source for numerous debates related to its course, methods and development of nursing knowledge. Many nursing definitions and theories have evolved over time. Furthermore it is in a constant process of being redefined.
To make good nursing decisions, nurses require an internal roadmap with knowledge of nursing theories. Nursing theories, models, and frameworks play a significant role in nursing, and they are created to focus on meeting the client’s needs for nursing care. According to McEwen and Wills (2014), conceptual models and theories could create mechanisms, guide nurses to communicate better, and provide a “systematic means of collecting data to describe, explain, and predict” about nursing and its practice (p. 25). Most of the theories have some common concepts; others may differ from one theory to other. This paper will evaluate two nursing theorists’ main theories include Sister Callista Roy’s
Nursing theories are actions care that a nurse provides to a patient to prevent a sickness, maintain and promote health. Many of the theorists contribute to a frame work or a blueprint of how nurses should provide care to patients. Many these theories are part of nursing care and most of them they go hand in hand. Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of nursing (Chinn and Jacobs1978).Nursing is apprehensive with laws and principles governing the life processes and functioning of sick or well human beings. Nursing theories are beneficial in understanding the knowledge of nursing and its application (Smith and Liehr, 2008).