Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring Since its establishment as a profession more than a century ago, Nursing has been a source for numerous debates related to its course, methods and development of nursing knowledge. Many nursing definitions and theories have evolved over time. Furthermore it is in a constant process of being redefined. The purpose of this paper is an overview of Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring. This theory can be taken into account as one of the most philosophicaly complicated of existent nursing theories. The Theory of Human Caring, which also has been reffered to as the Theory of Transpersonal Caring, is middle – range explanatory theory. (Fawccett, 2000) The central point of which is on the human component of caring and actual encounter between the client and the caregiver. Jean Watson has stated that her work was motivated by her search of a new meaning to the world of nursing and patient care. “ I felt a dissonnance between nursing’s (meta) paradigm of caring-healing and health, and medicines’s (meta) paradigm of diagnosis and treatment, and concentration on disease and pathology”. (Watson, 1997,p.49) Jean Watson’s theory was first published in 1979. Later Watson explained that this work was an attempt to solve some conceptual and empirical problems, with no intention to create a theory. This theory was expanded and formalized in her next book in 1985. Since then, Watson continued to refine her ideas through various publications. At his time, the major conceptual elements of the theory are ten Clinical Caritas Processes (originally Carative factors), Transpersonal Caring Relationship, Caring Moment/Occasion and Caring Consciousness. According to Watson’s theory, the human care process is performed through a Transpersonal Caring Relationship guided by the Carative factors, which are based on humanistic – altruistic value system. The Theory of Human Caring was initialy based on data about variety of aspects of caring, collected through open – ended quistionnaire. The purpose of this research was to evaluate different points of view, expressed by both the clients and registered nurses. In addition to this data, Watson’s theory uses broadly recognized work from other disciplines. Specific philosophers cited by Watson, as sources are Rogers, Whitehead, Gadow, Yalom etc. Furthermore, she also recognises the contribution of the east... ... middle of paper ... ...d evaluation of contemporary nursing knowledge: Nursing models and theories. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Geissler, E.M (1998). Cultural assessments. St. Lois: Mosby. Marriner–Tomey, A. (1994). Nursing theorist and their work. (3rd ed.) St. Lois: Mosby. McCance,T.V.,McKenna, H. P., & Boore, J. R. P. (1999). Caring: Theoretical perspectives of relevance to nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing,30, 1388 – 1395. Piccinato, J. M & Rosenbaum, J. N. (1997). Caregiver hardiness explored within Watson’s theory of human caring in nursing. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 23(10), 32 – 39. Strickland, D. (1996). Applying Watson’s theory for caring among elders. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 23(1), 32 – 40. Watson, J. (1979). Nursing: The philosophy and science of caring. Little Brown, Boston. Watson, J. (1985). Nursing: Human Science and Human. Norwalk; CT: Appleton – Century – Crofts. Watson, J. (1997). The theory of human caring. Retrospective and prospective. Nursing Science Quarterly. 10(1), 49-52. Weeks, S. K (1995). What are the educational needs of prospective Family Caregivers of newly disabled adults? Rehabilitation Nursing, 20(5), 256 – 60, 272.
Shot 1: Dissolve from a establishing shot of Xanadu into a close-up of Susan working on a jigsaw puzzle. Susan looks up from her puzzle to the direction of Kane’s voice while the camera cranes away from a close-up to medium shot of her. This shot begins a shot-reverse-shot sequence between Susan and Kane.
Both theories use communication as the backbone to their theories and in developing an environment conducive to promote healing. Although communication is the framework for both theories, types of communication is looked at different in each theory. In Watson’s theory, she that communication is a spiritual occurrence. The focus is on nonverbal as well as verbal expressions. She also involves personal experiences and growth, art, religious practices. Watson uses the concept of care as the center of nursing care. The goal of the Human Care Theory is for the patient and nurse to gain a higher degree of harmony within themselves, cultivating a wholeness of mind/body/spirit (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2010, p.
Watson, J. (2001). Jean Watson: Theory of human caring. In M.E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories and nursing practice (pp. 343-354). Philadelphia: Davis.
Paterson, J., & Zderad, L. (1988). Humanistic nursing (2nd ed.). New York: Nation League for Nursing.
84). Seven assumptions are the foundation for the Theory of Transpersonal Caring. The first assumption states that the nurse has the moral commitment to protect and enhance the human dignity of the patient. Second, caring is respecting the subjective and spiritual needs of the patient during times of despair, honoring “an I-Thou Relationship rather than an I-It Relationship”(Alligood, 2014, p. 84). For example, honoring his or her needs, routines, or rituals. The theory’s third assumption states that effective caring is accomplished by establishing human connection. The nurse must seek to connect with the inner spirit of another by being present in the moment. The fourth assumption discusses the importance of honoring the wholeness of the person. Watson’s fifth assumption is about finding one’s inner harmony. “The nurse helps another through this process to access the healer within” (Alligood, 2014, p. 85). Assumption six focuses on the practice of caring. Continued growth in physical and mental well-being are essential to advance nursing practice. The nurse’s personal history and knowledge gained from worldly experiences shapes the way he/she may practice. Lastly, the seventh assumption states that the practice of caring is ongoing, and a central part to both nursing and Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring (Alligood,
Watson, J. (2008). Nursing. The Philosophy and Science of Caring. Revised & Updated Edition. Boulder: University Press of Colorado.
In Plato’s The Republic, we, the readers, are presented with two characters that have opposing views on a simple, yet elusive question: what is justice? In this paper, I will explain Thrasymachus’ definition of justice, as well as Socrates’s rebuttals and differences in opinion. In addition, I will comment on the different arguments made by both Socrates and Thrasymachus, and offer critical commentary and examples to illustrate my agreement or disagreement with the particular argument at hand.
In the eye’s of Watson she expressed nursing to be a unity of both the nurse and the patient. She also expressed that when the patient was subjective of their experiences that the nurse would not just look at it as the patient’s words spoken, but would union with their words and experience it with the patient. This would allow the nurse to step into the patient’s shoes and connect emotionally and spiritually. With a union of each other’s feelings, the recipient would have an increased sense of harmony of the mind, body, and soul. Watson’s nursing theory is based off the belief that healing of the soul is the most important aspect of healing as a whole. When this occurred, Watson viewed this as transpersonal caring, which is her belief as the moral ideal values of
"Philosophy is an attitude towards life that evolves from each nurses’ beliefs" (Parker, 2001). It is the philosophy that underlies our practice what brings to life our desire to be nurses. Philosophy is essential because it is the natural extension of our interest in knowing the truth (Parker, 2001). A metaparadigm is the widest perspective of the discipline and a way to describe the concepts that concern the profession of nursing (McEwen & Wills, 2014). In this paper, my philosophy of nursing will be discussed through reflection on the four nursing metaparadigm concepts to determine if anything should be added or taken out.
Jean Watson’s Theory on Human Caring / Caring Science nursing theory has multiple aspects. In accordance to the Watson’s theory, values begin to develop at a young age and are dependent on the way an individual is raised by their parent. As one gets older and experiences life, it builds an individuals’ value. As a nurse matures into their profession it develops altruistic and humanistic behaviors towards other human beings, this is a strong value for a nurse to possess. It is also important...
In the field of Nursing, the role of caring is an important, if not the most critical, aspect involved to ensure that the patient is provided with the most proficient healthcare plan possible. Jean Watson developed a series of theories involved with transpersonal relationships and their importance, along with caring, in the restorative process of the patient and healing in general. Although all of Watson 's caritas processes are crucial to the role of nurses and patient care, the fourth process is incredibly essential as it outlines the importance of the caring nurse-patient relationship. This paper serves to identify Watson 's fourth caritas process, how it can be integrated in nursing care and how it can be developed by current nursing
The goal of Watson’s theory of human caring is to ensure a balance and harmony between the health and illness experiences of a person (Watson, 1999). This theory is intended to apply to nurses because nursing is categorized as a humanitarian science and characterized as a profession that performs personal, scientific, and ethical practice. This pertains to the theory of human caring because it is people-oriented, it accepts the demission of human integrity without compromising its mind-body-spirit (Watson, 1999). The ten caritas processes listed above, are a guide to clinical implementation of the theory into
Jean Watson is a well-respected American nursing theorist who created the Theory on Human Caring. Watson’s concept on caring for a human being is simple, yet has much depth and meaning, and holds strong for nurses to work with compassion, wisdom, love, and caring. The Theory on Human Caring is necessary for every nurse, as it is our job to care for others in a genuine and sensitive way. The theory is extensive; its core foundation is based on nine concepts all interrelated and primarily focused on a nurse giving a patient care with compassion, wisdom, love, and caring (Watson, J., 1999). The nine essential aspects consist of: values, faith-hope, sensitivity, trust, feelings, decision-making, teaching-learning, environment, and human needs. Watson also created the Caritas Process consists of ten different ways of giving care:
One must have the full desire to help and care for people in order to have an enjoyable career as a nurse. Nurses are known for the care and compassion shown to the patients and this is comforting for both patients and their families. Caring for a patient can raise their spirits and can inspire a better outlook on their situation. As a nurse, I want to care for all my patients with the hope of improving their health and outlook on their life. I chose Jean Watson because she understands that caring is the core of nursing and believes caring promotes a better health than only performing medical care. She was the first grand theorist that focused on the aspect of caring for the patient while also caring for yourself as the nurse. Watson’s theory
Watson’s Theory of Transpersonal Caring is considered a philosophy; therefore, it is very broad and general in scope. Included in the theory are ten caritas the nurse should practice promoting a meaningful nurse-patient relationship (Sitzman & Wright Eichelberger, 2017).