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Neolithic revolution
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Essay on agricultural societies and the neolithic revolution
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Exam Question 1
Neolithic cultures and civilizations were found in many places throughout Afro-Eurasia. The reasoning for this will be explained throughout this essay. The reasoning will be presented with factual evidence during the Neolithic Era.
Hunter gather life was how most of our time on Earth was spent as humans. Day in and day out we would hunt, trap and kill wild animals. We would also gather wild plants, berries and fungi. We as humans did all of this just to survive. This lifestyle ether went one of two ways. You were either successful at hunting and gathering, or you lacked theses skills. If you were successful you had plenty of food for you and your family. If you were not successful, or you lacked these skills and you and your
The Neolithic Period was a shift to a more civilized man. The people had new ideas and were changing their environment making life easier. The adaptation of agriculture in the Neolithic Era was valuable because it created a stable life rather than a nomadic one. In Neolithic village life they grew crops and indulged
“[Agricultural societies] can organize more elaborate political structures because of their ability to send messages and keep records. They can tax more efficiently and make contracts and treaties...also generate a more explicit intellectual climate because of their ability to record data and build on past, written wisdom.” (Stearns, 17) A hunter-gatherer society is much more primitive and must have vast territory to hunt on. Basically, you can't build an advanced civilization without farming.
Nourishment was also an essential part of their everyday life and just like in the Stone Age era, the natives were classified as hunter-gatherers. The hunting was mainly done by the men and the women would be in charge of the cooking and the collection of edible plants. However; these activities were not set in stone and sometimes men would do the cooking while women made the
Cultures had been flourishing thousands of years before the Europeans arrived to the New World. Great empires such as the Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas inhabited the vast lands of Central and South America. These three major powers controlled the land before Columbus or Cortez were even born. Although the Pre-Columbian civilizations and the Europeans shared some similar ideas, life was very different in the New World compared with that of Middle Age Europe.
Sherman, D. (2000). Civilizations of the Ancient World. Western Civilizations: Sources, Images, and Interpretations (pp. 8-12). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Bar-Yosef, Vallo F. “The Natufian culture and the origin of the Neolithic in the Levant”. Current Anthropology. Aug. 90 - Oct. 90, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p433, 4p. Retrieved 25 Mar. 2004 with Academic Search Premier.
Coffin, Judith, Joshua Cole, Robert Stacey, and Carol Symes. 2011. Western Civilizations. New York, London: W. W. Norton & Company.
Prior to living in homes build to with stand the test of time, growing food their food source, and raising animals, humans were nomads who followed their food source around and were hunters and gathers. Although it took many years, from 8000B.C. to 3000B.C. for humans to go from hunters and gathers to a more common day life as we now know it, the result is referred to as the Neolithic Revolution the begins of human civilization. As the people of this time began to settle down and they began to both farm the land and domesticate animals for the better of the community. Along with the development of these communities as for the first time began to create social class among the many different roles they played in their community. Because the people of this time no longer roamed around some of the first signs of technology began to appear around this time as well.
Long before any white man ever set foot in this hemisphere, there were fully functional and highly developed societies here. These civilizations were sophisticated, could even be considered more advanced than the European nations at the time. While the rest of the Eastern world was in the dark Middle Ages, the people here were flourishing.
Hunter and gathers were very small groups of people that moved all the time to get what they need to eat. They ate something different everyday. Hunter and gathers had time to do what they wanted because they ate when they were hungry they weren't always in the fields. With Hunter and gatherers they were small they had no wealth and population, cites. Hunter and gathers were low in population because if there were a lot of people that would be hard to find animals to eat. Plus it would be too many mouths
...e beginning and end of civilizations” makes it a highly reliable source to research into ancient societies.
The blessing and curse of the Agricultural Revolution is advocated with its augmentation and dissemination. Taking the stipulative definition of “blessing” and “curse” from the original premise, one can only superimpose the layman’s terms of “negative” and “positive”. Upon examination of the two classifications within the Neolithic Period and ancient Mesopotamian civilization one can confirm the premise. Therefore, the agriculture revolution was a blessing and a curse for humanity. Human society began to emerge in the Neolithic Period or the New Stone Age. This new age began around 9,000 B.C.E. by the development of agriculture in the region surrounding the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and what is commonly referred to as “The Fertile Crescent” located in West Asia.1 The very development of agriculture had benefited humans by no longer having to move about in search of wild game and plants. Unencumbered by nomadic life humans found little need to limit family size and possessions and settled in a single location for many years. One negative aspect of this settling is that the population increased so much so that wild food sources were no longer sufficient to support large groups. Forced to survive by any means necessary they discovered using seeds of the most productive plants and clearing weeds enhanced their yield.2 This also lead humans to develop a wider array of tools far superior to the tools previously used in the Paleolithic Period or Old Stone Age. The spread of the Agricultural Revolution in the Neolithic Period also cultivated positive aspects by creating connections with other cultures and societies. Through these connections they exchanged knowledge, goods, and ideas on herding and farming.3 Another major positive aspec...
The separation of the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages mark a great divide in the lives and cultures of prehistoric peoples. Many aspects of everyday life were modified to suit a new standard of living. Society, Economy, and Technology were greatly affected by the "Agricultural Revolution" that spawned the Neolithic Age.
The modern innovation and human advancement has provided everything that one can imagine in today’s world. However, the history of human advancement can be trace back to 9000 B.C.E. The Neolithic era was the transition of nomadic population, who gained their food largely from foraging into the agricultural life and settlement. The significant adaptation of the people in Neolithic era was agricultural and domestication, which is known as Neolithic Revolution or the Agricultural Revolution. This transformation of early human society was largely influence by the warmest climate and the rapid population growth. The Agricultural Revolution caused humans to settle, leading to farming, animal domestication, and the creation of civilizations.
HUNTING AND GATHERING SOCIETIES are the simplest types of societies in which people rely on readily available vegetation and hunted game for subsistence. Only a few people can be supported in any given area in such subsistence societies. Hence they usually have no more than 40 members or so, must be nomadic, and have little or no division of labor. All societies began as hunting and gathering societies. These societies were still common until a few hundred years ago. Today only a few remain, including pygmies in central Africa and aborigines in Australia. Most of the rest have had their territory overrun by other forms of society. Hunter-gatherer societies also tend to have non-hierarchical social structures. There is rarely surplus food, and since they are nomadic little ability to store any surplus. Thus full-time leaders, bureaucrats, or artisans are rarely supported by hunter-gathering societies. Hunting and gathering society consumes a great deal of time, energy, and thought, collecting and hunting for food. Most of these societies today generally live in marginal areas where resources are scarce, so life for the hunter and gatherer seems more oriented toward mere survival. Life expectancy is also very low compared to the post industrial society. Technology is minimal in the hunting and gathering society, which again relates back to the need for expending time and energy finding food. Technology in medicine is also primitive for hunters and gatherers. Equality is great and social stratification is low, opposed to the post-industrial society.