Introduction.
Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) is the important aspect in the chemical process industries in order to ensure smooth operation without interruption. Companies have made an effort to reduce the risk due to the major loss in chemical process industries which related to human life, assets, company reputation, etc. through process risk management. In the current practice, risk reduction strategies can be divided into four categories i) inherent ii) passive iii) active iv) procedural. These strategies are the part of a conventional safety layer of protection (LOPA) where multiple devices, systems or actions are provided to reduce the likelihood of an undesirable event. However, these approaches did not eliminate the hazards, the hazard remains in the system and combination of failures may lead to an accident [1].
The lack of the above techniques to proactively reduce or eliminate the source of risk bring a new approach in safety analysis known as inherently safer design (ISD). This concept has been introduce by Trevor Kletz nearly thirty years ago as a proactive approach for hazard management by eliminate the root causes of the hazards and reduce the reliance on ‘add-on’ engineered safety system. The principle of ISD can be divided into four main categories; i) intensification ii) substitution iii) attenuation iv) limitation of effects/simplification. Detailed explanation related to the strategies given in Table 1. Previous major industrial accident such as Flixborough in 1974 and Bhopal accident in 1984 show the importance of inherently safer design. In Bhopal case, improper functions of active risk reduction strategies lead to a major disaster. In both cases, the impact of this accident can be reduce through inher...
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... Saf. Environ. Prot., vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 389–403, 2012.
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" Journal of Chemical Education 49.3 (1972): 174.
...lothing and equipments in the industry. These will greatly ensure the safety of the employees and hence minimize the injuries. Use of the administrative control and work practices will also lead to the production of quality products safe for consumption (OSHA Quick take, 2010).
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OSHA regulations give full disclosure to employees about workplace hazards. Businesses that produce or import chemicals of any sort must review the dangers associated with these chemicals and have them labeled accordingly. They must also prepare material safety data sheets to go with any delivered chemicals. This will describe technical information as well as hazardous effects from exposure and the appropriate protective measures. Any employees wh...
Kingston University (2012) School of Pharmacy and Chemistry: safety rules and procedures. University policy document.
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...ial approaches which are Normal Accident and HROs, although it seems certain that both of them tends to limit the progression that can contribute toward achieving to highly protective systems. This is because the scope of the problems is too narrow and the potential of the solutions is too limited as well. Hence, Laporte and Consolini et.al., (1991) as cited in Marais, et.al., (2004) conclude that the most interesting feature of the high reliability organization is to prioritize both performance and security by the managerial oversight. In addition, the goal agreement must be an official announcement. In essence, it is recommended that there is a continuing need in the high risk organizations for more awareness of developing security system and high reliability environment in order to gain highly successful method to lower risk in an advance technology system.
When it comes to safety most people think they are safe, and they have a true understanding on how to work safe. Human nature prevents us from harming ourselves. Our instincts help protect us from harm. Yet everyday there are injuries and deaths across the world due to being unsafe. What causes people to work unsafe is one of the main challenges that face all Safety Managers across the world.
Steve McKay is the safety manager for SEA, Inc., a company that manufactures a wide range of agricultural products, including herbicides, pesticide, and fertilizers. Since he took the job, Steve has worked long hours to improve the company safety record and he has become a model for how to get things done. Yet he feels that even more can be done to achieve a company-wide safety culture, and he has approached management with some of his ideas.
Preventive maintenance is the base of the entire maintenance strategy for every pharmaceutical industry. One of the frequent problems that PM programs may confront is to maintain equally every equipment or parts involved in the pharmaceutical manufacturing. A safer path is to apply a risk-based approach that separates each equipment or parts of equipment in terms of their direct contact with product and possible defects on possibly affecting product quality [2]. It is useful to apply a risk-based approach to prioritize and organize the documentation needed. PM activities are more vulnerable to risks in the period of time of parts changes, including scheduled shutdowns or special projects. Complete process documentation and operating procedures, including organizational policies should exist for all maintenance activities [2].
As the first step, identify potential risks plays a crucial role in the risk management process. The core purpose of identifying risk is to figure out causes of risk and analyze result caused by the risks and its probability . Hence, risk identification can begin with the source of problem, or with the problem itself. The chosen method of identifying risk may depend on culture, industry practice and compliance. The identification
Chemical and fire hazards in the workplace cause serious injuries that in most cases are fatal.
Hazardous material accidents are common in warehouses and industries, the employ should provide a safe place to store the hazardous material, and the workers should have a good knowledge about how to response with that accidents and how to use the correct PPE and what control measures should be taken in that kind of accidents.
Chapman R.J, 2001, “The Controlling Influences on Effective Risk Identification and Assessment for Construction Design Management”, International Journal of Project Management.
Salmon, P. M., Cornelissen, M., & Trotter, M. J. (2012). Systems-based accident analysis methods: A comparison of Accimap, HFACS, and STAMP. Safety Science, 50(4), 1158-1170.