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Treatments for phobias and their efficacy
9 common phobias
Treatments for phobias and their efficacy
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The Hypothetical Patient
Kyle, a twenty-five year old male presents for assistance in managing an irrational and persistent fear of sunlight causing significant stress in his life. The thought of going outside or skin cancer brings on extreme feelings of anxiety and panic to him. This specific phobia has been present in his life for a year and has caused him to avoid sunlight at all cost. This natural environment specific phobia has simply forced him into home isolation during the day, to avoid the sun. He will leave his home at night to go to the grocery store and his mailbox. He has been out of work for the past year, leaving him with excess financial stress as well.
Patient Diagnosis and Discussion
Kyle has been diagnosed having a specific phobia is defined as a persistent and unreasonable fear to a particular object, activity, or situation (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Persons that have a phobia tend to be fearful even thinking about the object or situation they dread. This phobia has severely disrupted his normal life causing distress and impairment. This has caused
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First, this theory ignores the biological components that could be at play in a persons disorder. Some people may be more predisposed by their genes to develop anxieties or phobias. Additionally, thought patterns from a cognitive approach are disregarded, suggesting that irrational beliefs or catastrophic thoughts contribute to the development of a phobia. Through this cognitive approach, it’s explained that even the thought of fearful situations initiate the phobia, a symptom Kyle exhibits. Family and social therapy are also important in treatment for phobias. Through this therapy, Kyle can be assisted and relate with those surrounding him going through similar situations. Support can be established and he will be able to realize he is not alone or isolated in this endeavor to combat his
- If all of the options were explored, and patient is given antibiotics and is treated without any pain or suffering than the treatment identifies with the ethnical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, and veracity. In turn, Mrs. Dawson will be happy with the outcome of the procedure.
The ethical discernment model described by Slosar (2004) and developed for use at Ascension Health will assist us as we analyze this case. It reminds us that discernment engages our spirituality, intellect, imagination, intuition, and beliefs. It is decision-making that reaches into the heart of our beliefs about God, creation, others, and ourselves. It therefore requires structured time for reflection and prayer from the beginning and throughout the process.
Just imagine for a moment that you have a cynophobia or the fear of dogs, would this be how you would feel. Driving down the road the oil light comes on. "I must stop the car to add more oil or I will damage the car engine. This looks like a good place to pull over. I'll just stop in front of this house. The oil is in the trunk, so I'll pop the top first, then get the oil out of the trunk. OK, I have the oil, but what if there is a dog at this house. Hurry, I have to hurry. A dog might come running out and bark at me any minute. Just get the oil in the engine. I can't my hands are shaking. Don't worry, there is no dog. Just get the oil in the engine. I don't care if I spill it, just get some in the engine. Take another look around, is there a dog anywhere. OK, the oils in, now hurry get back in the car. I can't breath. I'm safely back in the car, now just take a minute and breath. When will my hands stop shaking." This is how a person with a phobia of dogs might feel. There is no dog around anywhere in sight, but the thought of a dog running at them barking is enough to cause a panic attack. In "Exploring Psychology" David G. Myers defines phobia as "an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation" (432). This paper will explore the history, causes, effects, and treatment of Phobias.
Anxiety is a concept that most people experience daily, but severe anxiety is associated with panic attacks and other disorders can debilitate a person’s life. In the 1997 documentary, Secret Fear directed by Sarah Barton, real-life people express their stories and experiences with anxiety. The film uses the stories of people who have recovered and / or continue to cope with their disorder. Furthermore, different types of therapy, medications, and coping methods are described for the viewer to understand the ways in which people are able to overcome anxiety. Since anxiety is not limited solely to panic attacks, the film uses people who have experienced Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), hoarding, depression, or social phobias. The film
A phobic disorder is marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger. Agoraphobia is an intense, irrational fear or anxiety occasioned by the prospect of having to enter certain outdoor locations or open spaces. For example, busy streets, busy stores, tunnels, bridges, public transportation and cars. Traditionally agoraphobia was solely classified as a phobic disorder. However, due to recent studies it is now also viewed as a panic disorder. Panic disorders are characterised by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly (Weiten, 1998).
Nearly every aspect of law enforcement has a court decision that governs criteria. Most court rulings are the result of civil lawsuit towards a police officer and agency. However, currently, there is no law that mandates law enforcement driver training. When it comes to firearms, negligence by officers has resulted in a multitude of court rulings. Popow v. City of Margate, 1979, is a particularly interesting case that outlines failed firearms training by an agency. In this case, an officer chasing a suspect during a foot pursuit fired at the suspect, striking and killing an innocent bystander (Justia.com, 2017). The court ruled that the agency was “grossly negligent” of “failure to train” (Justia.com, 2017). As a result, nearly every agency requires annual firearms training and has written policy concerning the same. Officers must show proficiency in firearms use every year to maintain their certification. Many states even impose fines on officers for
Human behavior is complex and difficult to predict and control. Many theories of behavior modification exist today with an abundance of research to support claims, but which one is most effective? Past research provides support for the effectiveness of systematic desensitization as well as flooding and fading when used to treat phobias. (Ost, 1978, p. 379, Rudestam & Bedrosian, 1977, p. 23). Systematic desensitization is in essence Guthrie’s threshold technique. Guthrie theorized that repeatedly exposing a stimulus that elicits an unwanted response, fist at a low intensity as to not elicit the unwanted response, with gradual increases in intensity, would
Having anxiety is common and a part of everyday life however; there is a huge difference between a fear and a social phobia or anxiety disorder. The difference and important distinction psychoanalysts make between a fear and a phobia is “a true phobia must be inconsistent with the conscious learning experience of the individual” (Karon 1). Patients with true phobias “do not respond to cognitive therapy but do respond well to psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic therapy” (Karon 2). Social phobia is a serious anxiety disorder that should not be taken lightly or mistaken as a fear you will simply grow out of the older you get. Social phobia has the power to destroy lives and can prevent people from living and enjoying their life to the fullest. Social phobia is a disabling condition that often starts between the ages of early childhood and late adolescence. The origins of social phobia can be linked to “traumatic social experiences and social isolation” (Hudson118-120). Social phobia is treatable however; research and statics show that not many seek help.
Phobias are considered a part of anxiety disorders, a phobia is an intense and irrational fear of a certain thing or situation. Some examples of phobias include fear of heights, insects, and even talking in front of a large crowd. The intensity of phobias differ from patient to patient but the severity of phobia...
...6. Generalization from the original phobic stimulus to stimuli of a similar nature will occur; 7. Noxious experiences which occur under conditions of excessive confinement are more likely to produce phobic reactions; 8. Neutral stimuli which are associated with a noxious experience, may develop motivating properties. This acquired drive is termed the fear drive; 9. Responses (such as avoidance) which reduce the fear drive are reinforced; 10. Phobic reactions can be acquired vicariously (Rachman 31). These theories are used to identify how people obtain phobias and other situations that may occur with phobias.
One of the characteristics of a phobia is a feeling that is greater than the fear of a situation or object with an exaggeration of the danger associated with the said situation or even object. This persistent fear often leads to an anxiety disorder that leads an individual to develop mechanisms that ensure one avoids the object or situation that triggers the occurrence of the phobia. Phobias can have highly debilitating effects on an individual including the development of depression, isolation, substance abuse, and even suicide. Many people take phobia for granted however, it is clear that it has the potential to impair the quality of life for both the affected and the people around them. The fact that many of the phobias are manageable using
Having a specific phobia towards the natural environment may sound unrealistic but it is indeed much more common than people believe. A natural environment phobia is fear of one or more of the following: heights, storms, or water. About 75% of people with this specific phobia averse more than one of the fears listed (DSM- APA). However, there is a difference between being fearful of something and it being a personal phobia of an individual. If it is a phobia it will last more than six months. Anything shorter than six months is then dismissed as a temporary fear. In children, this anxiety will be expressed by crying, temper tantrums, freezing or clinging on to their caregiver (DSM-APA). This can also be seen in sever phobias in adults but rarely does the adult have a temper tantrum, rather, a more developed emotional response is provoked. Typically, the amount of anxiety or fear that is actually observed during a phobic episode is entirely inordinate to the actual threat that a specific phobia may have (DSM-A...
If I had to ask my boss an urgent question with regards to a potential contract with a vendor, I would make a phone call. The scenario states that I “need an answer now”. This would require me to initiate a push channel, where I am sending a message to the receiver with the use of a telephone. This is the quickest way to receive the answer I need. If my boss does not pick up the phone, I would leave a voicemail stating what I am calling about and the urgency of my boss’s call back.
Write 2 mini case studies. One should recount an effective coaching or counseling situation. The other recount an ineffective coaching or counseling situation. The case should be based on a real event, either from your own personal experience or from the experience of someone you know well. Use principles of supportive communication and listening in your cases.
Phobias are the most common type of anxiety disorder. A person suffering from a phobia has a diagnosed illness, many mental health professionals take this illness seriously. 6.3 million Americans have a diagnosed phobia ("Fear/phobia statistic brain RSS" 1). Most people are fully aware that they have a disorder, but many deny the description. The definition of a phobia is "an abnormal or morbid fear or aversion" ("Oxford" 655). A phobia could be caused from a particular incident or trauma. You can have this disorder regardless of age, sex, and any social background. Phobias for most children can be genetic or linked to how parents have behaved. Your fear will become greater the closer you are to it. Most phobias are unexpected, mainly during the early childhood or adolescence years ( "Facts about phobias" 1). More complex phobias develop during adulthood. Many of phobias are associated with anxiety about certain situations or deep-rooted fears from their ch...