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Compare and contrast Greek and Roman art
How humanism affected Renaissance art
Compare and contrast Greek and Roman art
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Humanism had a great impact on the Italian Renaissance, but the Italian Renaissance was a rediscovery of what the Greeks and Romans did way before. Different types of artist like architects, sculptor and painters wanted to create art but they wanted to Christianize it so they could spread their religion and ideas. The Renaissance helped grow science into what it is today, the renaissance first major artist was Giotto Masaccio he created The Holy Trinity this artwork was the first painting based on the systematic use of linear perspective. During this time nudity was a great form of art which was used by the Romans and the Greeks. Donatello was an artist that didn't really get his ideas from the Greeks but it was more natural to what he wanted
4. Renaissance humanism was an intellectual trend that came from interest in Greco-Roman literature. It changed theories and education because it secularized history--events were no longer blamed on God’s will.
According to Nicholas Mann, "Humanism is that concern with the legacy of antiquity, and in particular but not exclusively with its literary legacy... it involves above all the rediscovery and study of Greek and Roman texts, the restoration and interpretation of them, and the assimilation of the ideas and values they contain." The Studia Humanitatis (Studies of Humanity) is a Latin term used by Roman writers describing a cycle of studies in the humanities including, grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy. Francesco Petrarch, an Italian scholar and poet of the fifteenth century, is considered by many to be the father of humanism. Petrarch 's influential texts had circulated widely throughout Florence and made their way into the government. Thus, humanist learning began to shape political ideologies in Florence. By inspiring humanist philosophy, Petrarch helped pave the way for the start of the Renaissance.
During the Renaissance, people were dedicated to studying human works. They would observe from real life to gain inspiration, new ideas, and to try to recreate the world as they saw it in their art. New techniques such as scientific and atmospheric perspective were created, changing art forever. Artists would use their skills to create works for patrons, from the Church, various guilds, and other religious orders. During the High Renaissance, Julius II commissioned Raphael to decorate the Vatican Palace. The first of the rooms he decorated was The “Room of the Signature”, where he painted The School of Athens. Originally, this room housed Julius II’s personal library, but later on it would be the room where papal documents were signed. In 1508, Raphael began painting four frescoes that represented theology, philosophy, law, and the arts. As stated in Janson’s History of Art Volume II, This fresco “represents a summation of High Renaissance humanism, for it attempts to represent the unity of knowledge in one grand scheme.” Raphael’s The School of Athens is a prime example of humanistic art, as evidenced by the subject of the art itself, the classical elements in the piece, and it’s scientific and illusionistic rendering.
During the 15th century, Northern Europe as well as Italy witnessed a serious revival of drawing accompanied by sculpture, painting and architecture. This revival was termed as the Renaissance. The revival effected major changes onto the representation of pictorial space on these two regions. These changes on that occurred on pictorial space representation were mostly driven by new idea of “Humanism”. Humanism philosophy practically outwitted religious and secular belief. As a result, the philosophy shifted a lot f importance to the dignity and value of the individual (Prescott, 2005; Fuga, 2006).
They created many important paintings and sculptures that give us a great insight into the renaissance era. One of the biggest influences that helped spread a new form of christianity into the world was the printing press. William Caxton made the first printing press in England, he helped Martin Luther print and distribute his Lutheran Bibles in England (Emmons). Another early Renaissance inovatore was Dellanto, he painted the ceiling of the Florence Cathedral (Haber). Dellanto was a huge part of the renaissance spreading to France. Another person who had large influence on the French Renaissance was John of Luxemburg. John was king of Bohemia and although he wasn't an artist, he helped bring a lot of art and culture to France during the renaissance (John of Luxemburg). Religion was very big part of people's live during the renaissance so many of the famous paintings were of religious content. Piero della Francesca painted the Resurrection, which depicts Jesus rising from the grave, and the Chapel of Relics (Piero della Francesca). Francesca was a Catholic which influenced his art and made him one of the more popular artists of the time. Possibly the most famous and well known artist in our world history was Leonardo Da Vinci. Da Vinci was the creator of famous paintings such as the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper (Emmons, Leonardo da Vinci). Da Vinci’s paintings are worth a lot of money
During the renaissance, there was a renewed interest in the arts, and the traditional views of society came into question. People began to explore the power of the human mind. A term often used to describe the increasing interest in the powers of the human mind is humanism. Generally, humanism stresses the individual's creative, reasoning, and aesthetic powers. However, during the Renaissance, individual ideas about humanism differed.
The renaissance period relished the human body and the talents of a person: humanism, a view where humans are the main importance, inspired many renaissance artists. The word renaissance means “rebirth”, for much of its works, such as art were based off of the works of the past. The Greeks and the Romans cherished the human body and intellect: almost all of the work from that time period focused on the ideal human body and the intellectual ability of man. Great artists and sculptors from Greece and Rome created perfect human bodies, while architects, great thinkers and mathematicians, developed ways to build structures, such as arches, in both ascetically and mathematically pleasing manners. Humans of the renaissance revitalized idealism and humanism; however, they diverged from the “middle ages”, where most art focused on non-human subjects, for the people depicted were mostly unrealistic, without perspective or any dimensions.
The Italian Renaissance included some of the greatest artists we have ever seen from Leonard Da Vinci, to Michelangelo, and Raphael. The Renaissance took place from the late thirteenth to sixteenth centuries and is know as the ‘rebirth’. The idea that the rebirth of the arts after being asleep for a thousand years is an amazing thing to grasp. This time brought back light to liberal arts, which were on the brink of being extinct. (Murray 2) What is also interesting about art during this time was that most of the art had Christian in its roots, for example, Botticelli’s The Allegory of Spring (Faure 1) is said to have had a Christian interpretation. (Murray) “Every Italian artist, willingly took the title of architect, sculptor, and painter” (Faure 2). At the beginning of the fifteenth century, the Italian painters had asked the Flemish painters for their secret techniques because the Italians felt like the language of painting was one that was always meant for them. (Faure 4) The sculptors claimed their inspiration from ancient works. Lastly the Renaissance introduced idea of individualism, which helped the Italians get away from everything that was going on during that time. Art during the Renaissance included painting, sculpting and architecture, all of which were an important part in expressing the idea of individualism and making art what is is today.
The Italian Renaissance was one of the major influences in the world history. It marked the transition from Middle Ages to the modern world, and it is was a very complex phenomenon where people started a cycle in which criticism played an important role. The Italian Renaissance humanism was an intellectual movement and it was developed in Italy. The meaning of renaissance is defined as rebirth. This name comes from the idea of the rebirth of cultural elements that had disappeared during the Middle Ages, such as the importance of reason, proportion, and balance. which many of them present in the ancient cultures like Greece and Rome.
Renaissance Humanism Renaissance humanism is the study of classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Europe in the 14th-16th centuries. Renaissance humanism was a response to the utilitarian approach and what came to be depicted as the "narrow pedantry" associated with medieval scholasticism. Humanists sought to create a way to be able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and then capable of engaging in the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent actions. This was to be accomplished through the study of the Studia Humanitatis, known as the Humanities. They learned grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy.
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The main difference in the Renaissance that differentiated it from the middle ages was the push for Humanism, the glorification of man rather than that of God. In medieval times, art was used solely for the spreading of the message of God. Especially because the medieval world was largely illiterate, art was an excellent way of communicating the stories of the Bible to the everyday peasant. Among many other artistic decisions, Art was intentionally not made beautiful, depicted flat scenes with no background, and used a hierarchical scale to represent its characters and message. Not only was this to help emphasize the importance in a piece, but their lack of realism and beauty prevented the art as being an object of worship in itself.
Architects of the Italian renaissance were influenced by the classical roman architecture. This was also pushed by a revival of the classical literature that was seen in humanism.
Accordingly,the European Renaissance was a time period after the Dark Ages of Europe and was characterized by the new interests in classical scholarship and values. On the other hand, the Protestant Reformation was a European movement that aimed to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Humanism was the idea of focusing more on the importance of humans and their qualities rather than spiritual or religious matters. Essentially, both the humanist movement of the European Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation transformed aspects of Western Culture such as the science, religion, art.
Many Renaissance scholars and artists studied the art and learning from ancient Greece and Rome, attempting to recapture the spirit of those cultures in their philosophies and their works of art and literature. New ideas in art, astronomy, science, literature, mathematics, philosophy, religion, and politics were developed and advanced by a few individuals. But the influence of the Renaissance impacted and shaped the future, leading to a modern era. Of all the practices of Renaissance Europe, nothing is used to distinguish the Renaissance from the Middle Ages more than humanism as both a program and a philosophy. The humanist philosophy stressed the dignity of humanity, and the humanists shifted intellectual emphasis off of theology and logic to specifically human studies. In pursuing this program, the humanists literally created the European Renaissance and paved the way for the modern, secular world.