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Research paper on the effects of child abuse on children
Explain the importance of grooming
Research paper on the effects of child abuse on children
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HERO: To be or not to be?
Introduction
HERO, the Houston Equal Rights Ordinance, according to the City of Houston Equal Rights Ordinance (2014), covers nondiscrimination against sex, race, color, ethnicity, national origin, age, familial status, marital status, military status, religion, disability, sexual orientation, genetic information, gender identity, and pregnancy. The ordinance lists sections of protection within city services and employment, contracting with the city, public accommodations, private employment, and housing.
Although the ordinance protects several classes of people within five separate categories, the ordinance became the policy in favor of men in women’s bathrooms. With a lot of attention on transgender people within
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In fact, according to Christina Mancini (2014), “an overwhelming majority of sex crimes committed are by known perpetrators such as family members, acquaintances, and intimate partners. This pattern is consistent across sex offenses involving adult and child victims (p.103). The National Survey of Children’s exposure to Violence (NatSCEV) also found that minors are significantly more likely to be abused by a known adult or peer than by a stranger. Even in the media and more widely used Amber alerts, children are being abducted and assaulted by family members or acquaintances. Even though there are studies and overwhelming statistics to say abuse is acted out by people known to victims, residents across the nation, including Houston would like to only acknowledge strangers, possible queers and those with differing gender …show more content…
As many as 93% of children are abused by a known person; the reason a known person is able to gain access and opportunity to their victims is through grooming the child and the child’s family. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, “Grooming is a method of building trust with a child and adults around the child in an effort to gain access to and time alone with her/him… More common, though, are subtle approaches designed to build relationships with families. The offender may assume a caring role, befriend the child, or even exploit their position of trust and authority to groom the child and/or the child’s family” (p. 1). Grooming is the most common method for sexual predators to abuse children. Because grooming allows predators to become familiar, the victimization is more common than extreme cases of assault and rape publicly. Opponents of HERO, who are fully aware of stranger danger myths, lack knowledge that a large portion of victims know their abuser and the abuse is able to happen due to grooming of the victim and their family. If more residents were as privy to grooming as they were sexual myths, they would understand the ‘bathroom ordinance’ is not a threat or something to fear, especially after the mayor removed the bathroom specifics. Due to this unawareness on the part of most Houstonians, the LGBTQ community
Understanding the drive for molestation of an individual is hard to grasp. “Sick” is the word that parents and other individuals would describe it as. An article written to provide information on victims of sexual assault stated, “Approximately 1.8 million adolescents in the United States have been the victims of sexual assault” (NSOPW). The take on the issue is a very touchy subject to talk about. According to Murray, “Most victims happen to be women or young girls and their rapists are usually close family, friends, or distant acquaintances” (211). Most cases go unknown for various reasons. Predominantly, the victims are too afraid to speak up in fear of the molester finding out or they feel a sense of embarrassment by their families reaction
Sexual assault is an under-reported crime. It is difficult for women to report sexual abuse but it is far more difficult for men. For males, it is exponentially more difficult to report such crimes, thus making it more difficult for victim advocates to present an environment where victims feel comfortable coming forward to report sex crimes. To this end, according to RAINN (2009) male victims of sex related crimes may find it easier to make a first report anonymously, giving them the opportunity to speak to an objective list, specifically trained to address specific and complex emotional issues related to this crime.
Sexual assault is defined as a type of behaviour that occurs without explicit consent from the recipient and under sexual assault come various categories such as sexual activities as forces sexual intercourse, incest, fondling, attempted rape and more (Justice.gov. 2017). People often become victims of sexual assault by someone they know and trust (Mason & Lodrick, 2013) which is conflicting to the public’s perception and beliefs that offenders are strangers. Women are the main victims for sexual assault and are 5 times more likely to have been a victim of sexual assault from a male (Wright, 2017, p. 93). Men are victims of sexual assault however only 0.7% of men, compared to 3.2% of women, experience some form of sexual assault which highlights
Adolescents who are physically abused are likely to question the intentions or others as well as develop bias perceptions of social processes. A study showed that "Inmates who were child victims were more than twice as likely as inmates who were adult victims to report having suffered prior instances of physical or sexual abuse. The differences were particularly striking with respect to sexual abuse. While an estimated 22% of child victimizers reported having been sexually abused, less than 6% of adult victimizers reported such backgrounds” (Ards et al, 2001). Not only are victims of sexual abuse more likely to enact sexual violence against others they are also likely to engage in prostitution.
Many people argue allowing transgender people to use the bathroom that corresponds with their gender-identity is an invasion of privacy, as well as endangering children and woman. These claims are mostly targeting MtF (male to female) transgender woman as predators. Many cities and organizations including Austin, SAFE Alliance, Dallas and their police department, and El Paso have reported they have not had a single transgender predator case (“Texas
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 3.3 million referrals for alleged maltreatment were made in 2013. Out of the 3.3 million referrals, 899,000 children were officially documented as being maltreated(Child Abuse & Neglect 2015). Child abuse is the mistreatment of a child. Child abuse is recognized in several forms; physical, emotional, sexual and neglect. Children who experience any form of abuse will tend to withdraw themselves from their peers and sometimes from other family members who are not aware of what is taking place. Child abuse occurs not just in the homes of these children, but can also occur in schools, churches and after school programs. Anywhere a child is present there is a chance that abuse can occur. This paper will review the forms of child abuse, the effects of child abuse, reasons child abuse occurs and possible therapies to bring healing in the parties involved.
Tash. "Trans and Gender Non-conforming People, Bathrooms, and Attacks on Our Community." Basic Rights Oregon RSS. N.p., 28 Mar. 2013. Web. 21 May 2014.
Finkelhor D. Hammer H. & Sedlak A. J. NISMART Bulletin: Runaway/Thrownaway Children. Sexually Assaulted Children: National Estimates and Characteristics. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/214383.pdf
Although physical abuse is the most recognized form of domestic violence, sexual abuse on a child is the most common, and despite the fact that 91 percent of sexual abuse is committed by a non-family member, it still takes place in the child’s home. This kind of activity can drastically change the behavior and judgment of children with their sexuality, self-esteem, and overall outlook on life.
By only giving the choice of using a Men’s or a Women’s bathroom it has further enforced the gender binary: “In the moment that one must choose between two doors—one marked “men” and one marked “women”—the binary construction of gender is never more blatantly enforced” (Herman, 2012, p.25). When someone is presented with only two choices of restrooms, it is enforcing the ideals that those are the only two options a person can be. Also these gender binaries are shaming anyone who does not fit into them. These gender binaries are so normalized and engrained in society that they lead to inadequate bathroom access for transgender people throughout the United States. The trans people are the ones who do not fit society’s gender norms and they are being isolated, because of
The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) notes, “Discrimination against an individual because that person is transgender is discrimination because of sex in violation of Title VII. This is also known as gender identity discrimination” ("EEOC - Sex," n.d., para. 3). According to Canas and Sondak (2014), many states have adopted legislation that supports transgender people as a protected class. Colorado passed legislation extending protection to transgender people in 2008 (Brinker & Maza, 2014). However, one of the biggest controversies surrounding transgender individuals is which bathroom should they use? Zanin (2009) notes, “bathrooms remain one of the most acceptable gender-segregated spaces in cities which can present problems to those who do not conform to gender norms…” (para. 1). The question, then, is should transgender people use the bathroom that most closely mirrors their biological gender or the gender they identify with? While individual beliefs may vary greatly, legally, there is less of a gray area. This paper will address the recently decided Colorado case involving a transgender six year old child, Coy Mathis, and her fight to use the girls’ bathroom at school. In addition to this, legal issues and implications employers should be aware of will also be discussed.
Florida’s, Texas’s and Kentucky’s new proposed bathroom laws have “caused fear and dismay among transgender people around the country” (Tannehill). Kentucky laws are more focused on the school systems but Florida 's and Texas’s laws treat transgenders as if they were criminals. Both of these states have regulations that will give transgenders civil and or criminal charges for using the bathroom they identify with (Tannehill). A transgender could be charged a fine for using the wrong bathroom and “people who report a transgender people in the bathroom to claim civil damages, for example a bounty” (Tannehill). Florida and Texas are trying to look out for the best interest of the majority population, however, “we all have to use the bathroom, but these laws would seemingly force transgender people to choose between fines and jail, risking horrific violence or leaving the state” (Tannehill). These laws have been seen as unreasonable to the transgender community and have been fought by the ACLU lawyer Joshua Block, “We’re talking about people who also have their sense of privacy and modesty, and who are not going to want to have everyone see an anatomical part of themselves that they feel should never have been there in the first place,” (Marcus). It has also been found that it’s illegal for employers to carry out such rules, “The Equal Employment
More importantly, “60 percent of children who are sexually abused do not disclose and most are acquaintances but as many as 47 percent are family or extended family” (The Scope of, 2016). The prevalence of child sexual abuse is difficult to determine because it is often not reported; experts agree that the incidence is far greater than what is reported to authorities (Child Sexual Abuse, 2012). Startling statistics represent the depth of the issue. Globally, prevalence rates show that a range of 7-36% of women and 3-29% of men experience sexual abuse in childhood (The Scope of, 2016). “The U.S Department of Health and Human Services’ Children’s Bureau report child maltreatment 2010 found that 9.2% of victimized children were sexually assaulted” (Child Sexual Abuse,
As today’s society progresses in the demand for the equality of all United States citizens, transgender people continue to face some of the highest forms of discrimination. Transgender individuals are defined as one who does not identify with or express themselves as the gender in which they were born. Several of these people choose to represent themselves only by dressing as the gender in which they identify with. However, a great portion of them choose to have gender reassignment surgery and legally change their birth certificates, social security information and other identifying documents to complete their transformation in order to feel like the gender they should have been at birth. Not surprisingly, the majority members of today’s society do not understand or relate to this and therefore discriminate against transgender individuals. Just how many people identify as transgender in our city, or nation for that matter, is impossible to know due to the fact that the United States Census Bureau has not yet come up with a solution to include theses individuals to accrue an accurate account for their population totals. Yet, the Williams Institute discovered through research evidence from their 2007 and 2009 surveys which suggests that 0.5% of adults aged 18-64 identified as transgender (Gates, 2011). The Houston metro area is no exception. While we do not have a precise number of transgender citizens living here, evidence supported by a lot of local websites as well as community based businesses and support services that cater to this culture proves that there are scores of of these people living here. Sadly, this culture has experienced a dramatic amount of workplace prejudice. In numerous cases, employers choose not to em...
Child abuse is one of the highest growing social problems in the United States. A social problem is, “a condition that a significant number of people believe to be a problem. A condition in which there is a sizable difference between the ideals of a society and its actual achievements” (Coleman et al. 2006:2). However, society has changed the way it views the issue, and is working towards finding a solution to this awful problem. Child abuse encompasses four main areas: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Child abuse is considered a sociological phenomenon because it is a learned behavior. Learning the social patterns as to why people abuse will give a better understanding to its reasons, and also the development of society in the way that it views children. 3.6 million children were victims of abuse in the year 2006. Sixty four percent were victims of neglect, sixteen percent suffered from physical abuse, and eight percent were sexually abused. Also in 2006, 1,530 children died as a result of abuse; an average of four children everyday (Child Welfare Information Gateway 2008).