Heart failure is a major clinical, social and economic problem in the United Kingdom according to the Department of Health [DH] (2013).The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence [NICE] (2010) reported that about 900,000 people suffer from heart failure in the United Kingdom. The National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research [NICOR] (2011) conducted a national audit which found that one in every 20 people over the age of 65 is diagnosed with heart failure which demonstrates that it mainly affects the elderly. As a leading cause of mortality, heart failure contributes to more than 6,000 deaths each year (NICOR, 2011). Newly diagnosed cases of heart failure have a 40% risk of dying within a year (NICOR, 2011). Despite advances in therapy, mortality is still high and only half of patients are alive five years after being diagnosed with heart failure (NICE, 2010).
According to the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines [ESC] (2012) heart failure is diagnosed by symptoms such as dyspnoea, fatigue, either at rest or during exertion.
National Heart Failure Audit [NHFA] (2010) reported that providing care to patients with heart failure costs the National Health Service (NHS) an estimated £625 million a year. Heart failure is considered to be among top ten diagnoses in terms of hospital bed days and spaces, this places significant demand on hospital admissions, as 90 percent of heart failure admissions are usually emergencies and account for 5 percent of all medical emergency admissions in hospitals in the United Kingdom (NHFA, 2010).
The unpredictability of the disease makes the assistance of partners important in the care of patients with heart failure. The support from partners or family members contribu...
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...000 - 2013 In order to gather all relevant and research material through the use of search databases, key terms were used. These terms were “experience of heart failure as perceived by partners”, “heart failure”, “caregiver burden of living with heart failure” and “Do partners experience caregiver burden?”. The inclusion criteria are those residence in the northwest of England, male or female between ages 55 – 60 years. This is to ensure that the aims of the study are met. The under age and those whose partners who are recently deceased were excluded. Eight researche papers were chosen for the review. From the eight, just one was from the United Kingdom (Macclesfield), others were from the United States of America, Australia, China, and Sweden. Hence the rationale for the study, to explore partners experiences of heart failure patients in the Northwest of England.
The aim of this report is to provide an overview of chronic heart failure, examining signs symptoms and treatment related to the case study, and the anatomy and physiology of the heart will be discussed, and the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure.
Cardiomyopathy, by definition, means the weakening of the heart muscle. The heart is operated by a striated muscle that relies on the autonomic nervous system to function. Cardiomyopathy is diagnosed in four different ways based on what caused the illness and exactly what part of the heart is weakened. The four main types of cardiomyopathy are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. One other category of cardiomyopathy that is diagnosed is “unclassified cardiomyopathy.” Unclassified cardiomyopathy is the weakening of the heart that does not fit into the main four categories.
Heart disease is one of the most common causes of the mortality and morbidity in most well developed countries. They come in different forms such as stroke and other cardiovascular diseases and it’s the number one cause of death in the state of America. In the year 2011 alone nearly 787,000 people were killed as a result of this epidemic. And this included Hispanic, Africans, whites and Americans. As for the Asian Americans or pacific Islanders, American Indians and the natives of Alaska, the concept to them was a second only to cancer. However, statistics has proved that a person gets heart attack every 34 seconds and in every 60 seconds, someone dies out of it which include other related event. Additionally, majority of the women are the
The systematic review indicated (1) ‘Case management interventions were associated with reduction in all-cause mortality at 12 months follow up, but not at six months’. (Takenda, et al, 2012) The systematic review also went on to state that while case management interventions were not associated with reduced mortality, case management interventions were indicated to reduce the occurrence of patients presenting to hospital with exasperations of chronic heart failure. The benefits of case management based interventions were apparent after 12 months had lapsed. Six of the twenty five studies assessed (2) heart failure clinics, and the evidence for this intervention was less convincing with the review stating ‘there was no real difference in all-cause mortality, readmissions for HF or between patients who attended a clinic and those who received usual care’. (Takenda, et al., 2012)
...y hired nurses on the heart failure floor since discharge education remains one of the responsibilities. I believe knowledge is an important factor to empower the patients about heart failure care and nurses spend nearly 24 hours a day with hospitalized patients; therefore, nurses can be patient advocates by reinforcing teaching. Most importantly, I believe that catering to the patient’s individual needs and establishing a good nurse-patient relationship enhances trust and learning which in the long run, is very beneficial to both nursing practice and the quality of life of the patient. Overall, what I discovered about heart failure is that there is no simple solution in preventing heart failure hospital readmission. Even with the recommended evidence-based practice suggestions, hospital readmission rates for HF still seem to remain high throughout the country.
The aim of this essay is to critically analyse and appraise Local and National policies surrounding Long-Term health conditions (LTC) and complex care needs, which inform community practice. It is intended to critically appraise the complex care requirements of people with Heart Failure as the chosen LTC, outlining areas of care that need to be addressed by professionals utilising contemporary research and evidence based practice. As per the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2010) all identities of people and local trusts will be kept confidential.
A care relationship is special and requires skill, trust and understanding. This essay will elaborate how the quality of that relationship affects the quality of the care given and the experiences felt in receiving care. These different relationships will depend on the type of care given, who the care is given by and what sort of previous existing relationship there was to begin with. For a good care relationship to work it needs to follow the 5 K101 principles of care practice which are 'support people in maximising their potential','support people in having a voice and being heard','respect people's beliefs and preferences','support people's rights to appropriate services' and 'respect people's privacy and right to confidentiality'.(K101,Unit 4,p.183). If all of these needs are met a far exceptional quality of relationship between the carer and care receiver will be achieved.
Congestive Heart Failure is when the heart's pumping power is weaker than normal. It does not mean the heart has stopped working. The blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. This means; the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. The chambers of the heart respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body or by becoming more stiff and thickened. This only keeps the blood moving for a short while. The heart muscle walls weaken and are unable to pump as strongly. This makes the kidneys respond by causing the body to retain fluid and sodium. When the body builds up with fluids, it becomes congested. Many conditions can cause heart failure, and they are Coronary artery disease, Heart attack, Cardiomyopathy, and conditions that overwork the heart.
The scientific journal I selected discusses the cardiac disease, congestive heart failure. In this article registered nurses and doctors came together to talk about a new way to improve patients functioning lifestyle while battling with this awful disease. Discovering that with the new healthcare system the readmission rates of patients with congestive heart failure, there was something more they could do to improve the outcome of the medical setting in which these patients are being treated.
The best way to prevent heart failure is to minimize the risks that cause it and to control existing health problems that are related to the condition such as high blood pressure and diabetes. If a person does happen to have heart failure there are many medications and treatments that can help control the disease and help the patient continue to live as normal of a life as possible. After being discharged from the hospital Mr. Carver will have to be aware of his condition at all times and take the proper measures to keep himself healthy. He will have to make many life changes and continue to keep up on any appointments made to make sure his condition is under control. With the proper understanding and management of his disease, Mr. Carver will be in a good condition to resume his life as before.
One of the leading causes of death in the United States is heart disease. “Approximately every 29 seconds one American will have a heart attack, and once a minute one American will die from a heart attack” (Ford-Martin and Odle, 915). According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine men over the age of 45 and women over the age of 55 are considered at risk for heart disease. Heart disease is a major cause of death. It is beneficial to individuals who seek to prevent heart disease to recognize the risks leading to heart attacks as they are one of the primary indications of developing heart disease; especially those that fall into the at risk age groups. These risks consist of some that cannot be changed such as heredity risks, or those that can change such as smoking habits. It is very important to know these specific risks for prevention and to understand the symptoms of heart attacks, such as sweating or the feeling of weakness so if these or other symptoms occur people are aware. Finally heart disease treatment is of vital importance if you experience a heart attack so you can learn how to prevent another one from occurring.
The term ‘carer’ is someone, who is providing an on-going significant level of care to a person who is limited by chronic conditions (DOH 2012). Caregiving involves from a short period of post-acute care to long term period of on-going care in accordance with the dependency level of care recipients. Family caregivers form the backbone of the social care delivery system by rendering an important proportion of their time and energy for the chronically ill or older adults (Angelo 2013). In fact, there are 164,000 older people with support needs in various communities across Ireland (TILDA 2012). Greater numbers of caregivers in Ireland are unpaid workers (89.5%), when compared to the 10.5% of paid carers (TILDA 2012). Most of the older adults need help from their close family members or friends, who spend a large amount of time interacting with their dear ones, while providing a comprehensive range of care activities. The provision of long-term care by family members has been found to be stressful in the sense of increased burden and anxiety (Neri et al. 2012). The difficulties, which resulted from multiple tasks leaves a personal strain on family caregivers, who often sacrifice their pastimes and own health needs for others (Angelo et al. 2014). In this study, the first part mainly focuses on the impacts of care giving as well as the needs of family caregivers. The second section will discuss the contribution of a gerontology nurse and the importance of education in the carer’s area of practice.
Li, T., Lee, Y., Lin, C., & Amidon, R. (2003). Quality of life of primary caregivers of elderly with cerebrovascular disease or diabetes hospitalized for acute care: Assessment of well-being and functioning using the sf-36 health questionnaire. Quality of Life Research, 1081-1088.
Educate the client about worsening of heart failure, lifestyle changes and medicines may no longer control your symptoms. A medical procedure or surgery may be necessary at this point.
The Theory of Caregiver Stress was a significant breakthrough for the reasoning of why caregivers are so deeply affected by this job. “The Theory of Caregiver Stress was derived from the Roy Adaptation Model to use as basis in understanding the relationships among caregivers and the stress faced when caring for a chronically ill relative” (Tsai, 2003). The Theory of Caregiver stress is a middle-range theory used to predict the outcome for stress and other various side effects (Dobratz, 2011). These adverse effects are predicted by: Demographic Characteristics, Burden in Caregiving, Stressful life events, Social Support and Social Roles. Also, because of the multitude of different scenarios and background for both the patient and the caregiver, these categories are necessary to compare and effectively use the results. The theory makes four main assumptions regarding adaption: “environmental change; the caregivers’ perceptions will determine how they will respond to the environmental stimuli; the caregivers’ adaptation is a function of their environmental stimuli and adaptation level, and lastly the caregivers’ effectors are results of chronic caregiving such examples include marital satisfaction and self-...