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5 importance of enzymes
Importance of enzymes in our life
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Term 1, 2017 Grade 11 Biology In this report we will discuss the rate in which catalase, a type of enzyme, reacts with hydrogen peroxide to create oxygen. We measured the rate that oxygen filled up a glass test tube filled with water, adding more catalase to the hydrogen peroxide to see if oxygen would be made faster. Enzymes are biological molecules that are a catalyst for chemical reactions within cells, they are made out of large proteins. Without enzymes these chemical reactions would still happen but not at a perceptual rate or one that supports life. “Enzymes If we did not have enzymes, the human body would not be able to function and would not maintain due to the fast chemical reactions needed to keep the body working. Enzymes are not altered or used during the reaction that they are taking place within the cell. Enzymes aid in the help of digestion, metabolism and break up large molecules into pieces small enough for absorption by the body. “A …show more content…
When the Catalases were injected and reacted with the hydrogen peroxide, instantaneously oxygen would be produced and prevent some of the remaining catalases to go through the nozzle. This could vary results and why the same amount of catalase was tested 3 times so the error would be smaller. The delivery rubber tube also caused some errors whilst testing, as it could kink and prevent oxygen from traveling freely from the reaction flask to the measuring tub. This created a slower time when measuring the rate that the oxygen filled up the tube. One of the other errors was having excess air in the measuring tube, this was a problem because it could give an inaccurate result. If there is already air in the tube it means the oxygen has less space to fill up giving it a faster time than what it may normally be, it is a minor error but could impact
For example, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, and temperature could all be factors that affected the chemical reactions in our experiment. The concentration of substrate, in this case, would not have an affect on how the bovine liver catalase and the yeast would react. The reason why is because in both instances, the substrate (hydrogen peroxide) concentration was 1.5%. Therefore, the hydrogen peroxide would saturate the enzyme and produce the maximum rate of the chemical reaction. The other factor that could affect the rate of reaction is enzyme concentration. Evidently, higher concentrations of catalase in the bovine liver produced faster reactions, and the opposite occurs for lower concentrations of catalase. More enzymes in the catalase solution would collide with the hydrogen peroxide substrate. However, the yeast would react slower than the 400 U/mL solution, but faster than the 40 U/mL. Based on this evidence, I would conclude that the yeast has a higher enzyme concentration than 40 U/mL, but lower than 400
Catecholase is an enzyme formed by catechol and oxygen used to interlock oxygen at relative settings, and it is present in plants and crustaceans (Sanyal et. al, 2014). For example, in most fruits and vegetables, the bruised or exposed area of the pant becomes brown due to the reaction of catechol becoming oxidized and oxygen becoming reduced by gaining hydrogen to form water, which then creates a chain that is is the structural backbone of dark melanoid pigments (Helms et al., 1998). However, not all fruits and plants darken at the same rate. This leads to question the enzymatic strength of catecholase and how nearby surroundings affect its activity. The catecholase enzyme has an optimal temperature of approximately 40°C (Helms et al., 1998). Anything above that level would denature the tertiary or primary structure of the protein and cause it to be inoperable. At low temperatures, enzymes have a slower catalyzing rate. Enzymes also function under optimal pH level or else they will also denature, so an average quantity of ions, not too high or low, present within a solution could determine the efficiency of an enzyme (Helms et al., 1998). Also, if more enzymes were added to the concentration, the solution would have a more active sites available for substrates and allow the reaction rate to increase if excess substrate is present (Helms et al., 1998). However, if more
Use the same plate from the TSA streak. Determine if catalase is produced through the break down of hydrogen peroxide. Proceed by adding reagent hydrogen peroxide and pay attention to bubbling. In other words, bubbling takes place due to breaking down hydrogen peroxide and the fabrication of oxygen gas (Benson, 2010). The control for this test is S. aureus.
== Amylase is an enzyme found in our bodies, which digest starch into
Proteins are one of the main building blocks of the body. They are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. Even smaller units create proteins; these are called amino acids. There are twenty different types of amino acids, and all twenty are configured in many different chains and sequences, producing differing protein structures and functions. An enzyme is a specialized protein that participates in chemical reactions where they serve as catalysts to speed up said reactions, or reduce the energy of activation, noted as Ea (Mader & Windelspecht).
Enzymes are catalytic proteins that speed up biochemical reactions. Most enzymes are composed of proteins, while in some cases they are composed of RNA molecules called ribosomes. Enzymes are highly specific. Each enzyme catalyzes only one chemical reaction.
Enzymes in general are very interesting to learn from and are fundamental in carrying out processes in various organisms. Enzymes are proteins that control the speed of reactions, they help quicken the rate of the reaction and also help cells to communicate with each other. There are 3 main groups of enzymes, first are the metabolic enzymes that control breathing, thinking, talking, moving, and immunity. Next are the digestive enzymes that digest food and normally end with –ase, there are 22 known digestive enzymes and examples of these are Amylase, Protease, and Lipase. The final group are the Food or plant enzymes which is what my enzyme that I’m studying falls under. Papain gets its name because it comes from papaya fruit, its main purpose is to break down proteins and break peptide bonds however it is not only used in the Papaya fruit and has many external uses. It was also very helpful in the 1950s when scientists were trying to understand enzymes. It also helps us to this day understand Protein structural studies and peptide mapping. Without enzymes, reactions in the body would not happen fast enough and would tarnish our way of life which is why it is vital that we study and learn from them.
Use a better quality burette than can help the experimenter to see the reading of the initial and final oxygen released better or the experimenter may ask for other’s assistance in the reading of the measurement.
Enzymes are biological macromolecule that acts as catalysts and increase the rate of a chemical reaction. Without enzymes, life, as we know about it, would not exist. Enzymes function by deceasing the activation energy and stabilizing the transition state of a chemical reaction without altering the thermodynamic of reaction (#1 Boyer). At the molecular level, enzymes catalyze these reactions by binding to the substrate or reactants to form an enzyme-substrate complex. The reaction takes place while the substrate is bound to the enzyme and converting the substrate to the new product. The new product is then released from the enzyme substrate complex, and the enzyme is then free to bind with more substrate. E+S → ES → E+P (#1 Boyer). Based on
Enzymes are types of proteins that work as a substance to help speed up a chemical reaction (Madar & Windelspecht, 104). There are three factors that help enzyme activity increase in speed. The three factors that speed up the activity of enzymes are concentration, an increase in temperature, and a preferred pH environment. Whether or not the reaction continues to move forward is not up to the enzyme, instead the reaction is dependent on a reaction’s free energy. These enzymatic reactions have reactants referred to as substrates. Enzymes do much more than create substrates; enzymes actually work with the substrate in a reaction (Madar &Windelspecht, 106). For reactions in a cell it is important that a specific enzyme is present during the process. For example, lactase must be able to collaborate with lactose in order to break it down (Madar & Windelspecht, 105).
The structure of an enzyme is a globular protein made up of amino acid and polymers which are linked together known as polypeptide bonds. Enzyme molecules are arched into a three dimensional shape, the outside of the molecule have hydrophillic R groups (side chains) ensuring they are soluble. As enzymes are proteins they can be damaged at high temperatures, this is known as denaturing. There are many enzymes in the body which catalyses or speeds up chemical reaction in cells that would otherwise proceed to slowly to support life. They react best at the ideal temperature of 36.7 °C as this is the normal temperature of human bodies. Enzymes are all used to break down certain food molecules and there are many types. Enzymes have a distinct shape as a certain enzyme can only react with a specific substrate.
Enzymes are the protein molecules that can rapidly increase the rate of all chemical reactions that are ongoing within our body and cells. They are essential to sustain life and have a great range of functions; these can include aiding digestion and maintaining metabolism.
The exocrine function of the pancreas is that it produces enzymes that aids in the digestion of food. There are three important enzymes that are crucial in helping with digestion. The first digestive enzyme is amylase. Amylase function is to break down carbohydrates. The amylase enzyme is made in two places: the cells in the digestive tract that produces saliva and the main one specifically found in the pancreas that are called the pancreatic amylase (Marie, Joanne; Media Demand, “What Are the Functions of Amylase, Protease and Lipase Digestive Enzymes”). The amylase in the pancreas passes through the pancreatic duct to the small intestines. This amylase in the pancreas completes the process of digestion of carbohydrates. Consequently, this leads to the production of glucose that gets absorbed into the bloodstream and gets carried throughout the body. The next enzyme that aids in digestion of food is protease. While amylase breaks down carbohydrates, protease breaks down protein. Protease breaks down protein into the building block form of amino acids. The three main proteases that it produces are: pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin (Marie, Joanne; Media Demand, “What Are the Functions of Amylase, Protease and Lipase Digestive Enzymes”). Pepsin does not occur in the pancreas but it is the catalysis in starting the digestion of proteins. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are the two proteases that occur in
Enzymes are necessary for life to exist the way it does. Enzymes help our bodies carry out chemical reactions at the correct speed. Catalase is one such enzyme, “Catalase is a common enzyme found in nearly all living organisms exposed to oxygen (such as bacteria, plants, and animals). It catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen”.\(Wikipedia). In other words catalase speeds up the breaking down of hydrogen peroxide, which is a byproduct of reactions in our body. Hydrogen peroxide is very common in our body but, “If it were allowed to build up it would kill us”(Matthey).This shows how necessary enzymes such as catalase to life. Without enzymes reactions that take place in our body could be affected greatly. In our