Background An enzyme is a biological catalyst which speeds up biochemical reactions, such as digestion and respiration, but they remained unchanged at the end of the process (Walpole, Merson-Davies, and Dann 53). Problem Question What is the effect of the substrate concentration on enzyme activity? Hypothesis As the concentration of the substrate increases, the rate of reaction also increases until it reaches its maximum point where all enzyme molecules are already active due to the solution becomes saturated with the hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, when the rate of reaction is finally at its maximum point, adding more substrate will not make any difference to the rate of reaction. The rate of reaction increases when the substrate is added it caused the oxygen to be produced quickly. When the substrate molecules go beyond the number of active sites that is available, the rate of reaction will stop increasing. This is because the maximum point of reactions have been reached and are being done at once so if there is any additional substrate molecules in the process, they need to wait until the active sites are available for them. Variables Factors Variables How it is conducted Independent Concentration of H2O2. Set up using syringe with the following concentration of H2O2; 1% 5% 10% 15% 20% Dependent Rate of reaction - volume of O2 released by each concentration of H2O2. Make sure to be at the right eye level with the bottom of the meniscus to read the long graduated tube. Controlled Variables WHY it must be controlled HOW it was controlled 1 Volume of the yeast suspension The experiment was done to investigate is the effect of the substrate concentration on enzyme activity. Always take 5mL of the yeas... ... middle of paper ... ...he one that was measured. Use a better quality burette than can help the experimenter to see the reading of the initial and final oxygen released better or the experimenter may ask for other’s assistance in the reading of the measurement. Uncontrolled variable Although the temperature was controlled, trial 1 and trial 2 were done on a different day as trial 3, trial 4 and trial 5. Do all trials in the experiment on the same in order to make everything as similar as possible prior to beginning testing. Human/experimenter error There might be a slight delay when the experimenter was injecting the syringe into the boiling tube while the experimenter also started and stopped the stopwatch. In order to make it more accurate, perhaps ask for another person’s assistance for doing one of the tasks; timing for 30 seconds or injecting the syringe into the boiling tube.
The procedure of the lab on day one was to get a ring stand and clamp, then put the substance in the test tube. Then put the test tube in the clamp and then get a Bunsen burner. After that put the Bunsen burner underneath the test tube to heat it. The procedure of the lab for day two was almost exactly the same, except the substances that were used were different. The
Enzymes are biomolecules that catalyze or assist chemical reactions. ("Enzyme Information - Disabled World", n.d.,) Without enzymes it would be impossible for an organism to carry out chemical reactions. Enzymes are proteins that carry a chemical reaction for a specific substance or nutrient. For example, the digestive enzymes help food to be broken down so it can be absorbed. Enzymes can either initiate the reaction or speed it up. Substrates are the chemicals that are transformed by enzymes. (Gunsch & Foster, 2014) Reactants are the chemicals in the absence of enzymes. Metabolic pathways that occur in a cell are determined by a set of enzymes which are selective for their substrates and catalyze only a few reactions among the many possibilities.
The Effect of Changing the Concentration of the Enzyme Catalyst on the Rate of Reaction on Hydrogen Peroxide
Possible sources of error in this experiment include the inaccuracy of measurements, as correct measurements are vital for the experiment.
Changing the concentration of enzymes has a direct impact on the enzyme activity. When enzyme concentration increases so does enzyme activity, and when enzyme concentration decreases so does enzyme activity. Enzyme activity and enzyme concentration are directly proportional up until a certain point where increased concentration will have no effect on enzyme
The dependability of the rate of an enzyme-mediated reaction is based on two factors: the substrate concentration and the concentration and action of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction (Vander, et. al., 2001). Enzymes are catalysts that produce chemical reactions in cells. Enzymes which are large proteins perform a reaction which acts upon a substance known as a substrate. When combined, the substrate bonds to the active site on the enzyme creating an enzyme-substrate complex. It is from this complex that specific products are created.
Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to explore the different factors which effect enzyme activity and the rates of reaction, such as particle size and temperature.
An enzyme is a protein that is produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. Enzymes have an area with a specific shape, called the active site of the enzyme. The molecule on which the enzyme acts is called a substrate. After the reaction has taken place and the products of the reaction leave the active site, leaving the enzyme ready for another reaction . The active site of an enzyme has such a particular shape that only one kind of molecule will fit it. This is why enzymes are specific to their substrate. The digestive enzymes break down food into small particles that get absorbed by the digestive system. These are the compounds that are used for fuel, repair and growth.
In an article, ‘Lab Presentation’ on Prezi, the peroxidase enzyme was tested on factors such as enzyme concentration and pH. It was measured using guaiacol as it turns orange when oxidized; spectrophotometer was used to determine the rate of absorbance. The article states that as the peroxidase enzyme concentration increases, the rate of reaction increases as well. This happens because the more the enzyme concentration, the more substrates will be catalyzed by peroxidase.
Enzymes are biological catalysts, chemical reactions. Enzyme may act are called substrates and molecules called enzyme converts these into different products. Enzyme are used commercially, for example, synthesis of antibiotics. The study of enzyme is called enzymology.
Three drops of enzyme being added to the solution the enzyme activity would be higher than that of two drops or one drop of enzyme in the solution. The activity would be higher because there are more enzymes in the solution so there would be more movement of the enzymes in the solution because they would be bouncing off of each other. The structure of the enzyme would change because the oxidation process, a molecule losing an electron, therefore the function of the enzyme would change because the structure determines the function. So if the amount of enzyme increases or decreases, then the rate of enzyme activity will increase or decrease as well, meaning as the amount of enzyme goes up so will the activity, and if the amount of enzyme goes down so will the activity.
The purpose of the lab was to show the effect of temperature on the rate of
In this lab, it was determined how the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is affected by physical factors such as enzyme concentration, temperature, and substrate concentration affect. The question of what factors influence enzyme activity can be answered by the results of peroxidase activity and its relation to temperature and whether or not hydroxylamine causes a reaction change with enzyme activity. An enzyme is a protein produced by a living organism that serves as a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and does so by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. With that energy reactants are brought together so that products can be formed.
Enzymes are protein molecules that are made by organisms to catalyze reactions. Typically, enzymes speeds up the rate of the reaction within cells. Enzymes are primarily important to living organisms because it helps with metabolism and the digestive system. For example, enzymes can break larger molecules into smaller molecules to help the body absorb the smaller pieces faster. In addition, some enzyme molecules bind molecules together. However, the initial purpose of the enzyme is to speed up reactions for a certain reason because they are “highly selective catalysts” (Castro J. 2014). In other words, an enzyme is a catalyst, which is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without undergoing changes. Moreover, enzymes work with
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.