Morgan Lathrum
Dutton
IB/AP Lang; P.3
11/17/15
Gould: “Women’s Brains”
1. George Eliot's purpose from the excerpt in the novel was to satirically beign the argument and to portray "a woman of extraordinary talent" can "[appreciate] the special tragedy that biological labeling impose[s] upon members of unfortunate groups”. Gould then refers to Eliot through the centering of his article giving the fact that she wrote Middlemarch previous to "Broca measur[ing] the cranial capacities". By using his quotes, he provides the readers a feminine perspective and states they can also be just as "extraordinary" as Eliot, a man.
2. The first vulnerability is Broca’s failure to take in the height of men and women, skewing the data because their brain size
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Gould cites Paul Broca and Gustave Le Bon to display sciences’ discriminate nature on the intelligence of women. Through the explanation of Broca's mistakes in his interpreting of data, Gould uses logic in order to refute any claim that the size of a woman's brain validates she is unintelligent. Gould also uses Le Bon's caustic attack on women to inspire indignation, thus using appeals to emotion in a negative way to make his audience distrust the theory of lesser female intelligence when compared to men. L. Manouvrier's quote serves to demonstrate how even some of Broca's own followers did not accept his results as feasible, discrediting Broca even more. Gould refers to Maria Montessori because she took Broca's data and applied it to justify that women were more intelligent. Proving that the same numbers can support opposite cases, Gould strengthens his claim that the attempt to use science to discriminate against a certain group is futile. The individuals each make similar points in Gould's argument: science is not free from discrimination. Some of the sources are examples of injustices, while others reveal this prejudice. Each is necessary in Gould's argument and could not be removed without damaging his …show more content…
This admission definitely adds to Gould's credibility, because he makes a "leading scientist['s]" information seem foolish. Le Bon states that women taking part in a country’s battle have "everything that maintains the sacred ties of the family will disappear." But, we understand that today women take part in many battles. Who can say that the "sacred ties of the family will disappear?" Who can say precisely what "the sacred ties" are?
8. In questioning Montessori's research, he also inquires about Broca's research comparing the differences in the two scientists’ conclusions. The examination is effective because it demonstrates that no accurate outcome can be derived from just the two experiments and, Montessori's and Broca's research due the wide variety of test results. His criticism reveals that both sexes will alter the products and data, thus making their own sex superior, with a “larger brain”.
11. Through the shift from first to third person and vice versa the technique strengthens his essay. With Gould’s usage of nouns and pronouns which refer to himself, the audience's attention is directed to that idea or concept. Provided that the essay had instead just been in third person, the monotony would have been too overbearing to target and decipher the real purpose. Using first person adds in his personal aspect about this research, ultimately making him seem more relatable and understanding, instead of just the
Piaget’s theory is consistent and has contributed to how we think about education. The theory supports the child’s need to explore and to practice trial and error in the process of learning (Mooney, 2000, p. 62). Piaget’s theory is weakened by his lack of rigorous scientific research methods and the lack of diversity by using his own children as test subjects. Piaget’s instructions for his tests were complicated and limited the possible outcomes (Lourenco & Machado, 1996,
The point the author, Russell Baker, is making in his essay, “Writing for Myself,” is quite evident. When Mr. Fleagle, Baker’s English teacher, assigned an informal essay to be completed as homework, Baker immediately became baffled by the daunting task. Though reluctant to start, Baker knew that it he had to swallow his animosity toward writing and select a topic to write on.
In the Brainology article, professor Carol Dweck put forward two mindsets: fixed mindset and growth mindset. That is an educational project that was instituted by Carol Dweck and made her famous for. That is talking about transforming student’s motivation to learn found out that people have fixed mindset or growth mindset all have profound effects on their motivation, learning and school achievement. From this article, this is particularly designed to help students break all boundaries and limits set by negative learning perspectives, while also instilling self-confidence is fixed, that each person has a certain amount and we call this a fixed mindset. A fixed mindset makes challenges threatening for students, and it makes mistakes and failures
2) Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. Writing Exploratory Essays: From Personal to Persuasive. 2nd Ed. Steven M. Strang 350-60.
In his novel, Cantor's Dilemma, Dr. Djerassi uses female characters to address sexist issues arising from women integrating into the predominantly male science world. The characters, Celestine Price and Professor Arderly, are used to show examples of how women have little voice in the field of science. The female characters suggest how women are often looked upon as sex objects rather than co-workers and they are given little opportunity to balance a scientific career with raising a family. By weaving these issues into his novel, Dr. Djerassi illustrates the following theme: Discrimination against women in the field of science is harmful to the progression of scientific exploration. If women are excluded from science, then an artificial limit is put on human resources. (The field of science will not utilize the potential female minds available.)
If women lack intelligence and cannot be a scientist, then what should they be? If they can’t act intelligent, then how should they act? Woman should stick to their society roles and stay away from thinking the way a male is expected to think. A woman thinking scientifically is considered to be thinking like a man (Keller 77). Keller’s statement explains that science is considered to be a male subject. It is not appropriate for females to think scientifically. Women then begin to get treated differently because they are not meeting society’s
It’s more effective telling it in third person than if Harrison Bergeron would have told it in first person because since the narrator is in the story, the character may not have had knowledge of all the events taking place in the story.
A common belief at the time was that women did not have the same intellectual aptitude as men (Murray 176). Murray sets out to disprove the belief through the image of children; “Will it be said that the judgment of a male of two years old, is more sage than that of a female’s of the same age? I believe the reverse is generally observed to be true” (Murray 178). Murray makes her point. In general young children have the same intellectual level, regardless of gender. Therefore, why later in life are adult men smarter than adult women? Does age and time change aptitude and gifted ability? Continuing with her line of reasoning, Murray proposes that women are not as smart as men because they are not receiving an education; “Are we deficient in reason? We can only reason from what know, and if the opportunity of acquiring knowledge has been denied us, the inferiority of our sex cannot fairly be deduced from thence” (Murray 177-178). Murray suggests that an accurate scaling of mental prowess cannot be deduced because men and women do not have the same educational level; the very reason that women are being denied and education in the first place. Women’s education has become a paradox. Women cannot receive an education because they are not smart enough, but they are not smart enough because they are denied an education. Murray, having now established that women should have an education, then sets out to explain its
She uses adequate vocabulary to establish her ability to write and communicate effectively. She even mentions that she is careful about each word she expresses because she doesn’t want to support the professor’s claims of her inadequacy in word choice. She uses strong, emotional words like “debilitating and painful”, and “bitter”, “doubt”, and “criticized” to allow the audience to feel empathy. She transitions between her ideas with short simple sentences to keep the audience focused on the important items. “Today is different”, begins the specific account of her professor’s words on her paper. “In reality, I am tired and exhausted” is a simple sentence with powerful, honest words. This sentence transitions into her ideas of what should be done to stop stereotyping. Lastly, she uses the pronoun “I” throughout the paper, but shifts to the pronoun “we” in the final sentences of the article. This shift targets the audience and challenges the reader to be responsible for making changes in academia and stereotyping. The simple statements, “We all have work to do. Academia needs work” are strong and
As far as I could remember I was never really any good at school. I couldn’t concentrate on things for no more than 5 minutes at a time I would either get discouraged or find it too easy and just give up. An author by the name of Carol Dweck wrote an article called “Brainology” in it Dweck describes that there are two types of mindsets fixed and growth. Those who are afraid to fail so they never try anything new are ones with a fixed mindset and the growth mindset are those who are not afraid to fail and find a new challenge an opportunity to learn something new. I guess you can say that I had a bit of a fixed mindset growing up I was always too scared to look stupid that I didn’t want to fail because I didn’t want to disappoint my siblings
But at the same time that she continues to mock the loose habits and trivial minds of the villagers, George Eliot also begins to show them in more flattering light. [229]
“Scientists Not Immune from Gender Bias, Yale Study Shows.” Yale News. Yale University, 24 Sept. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
Education is very important for the development of the young mind. Children learn so quickly, they absorb information like sponges. Parents of the young minds often question what is the best way to teacher their child. Some choose the Montessori method while others opt for traditional education. The Montessori method is centered on the child learning through trial and error, where as traditional method is a Teacher curriculum structured education. Over the years research has proven that some students who are taught in a Montessori school receive higher grades than traditionally taught students. Whether children are self taught or traditionally steered, it is important to focus
Maria Montessori was the founder of the Montessori educational method. Maria Montessori graduated from the University of Rome Medical School and was working with “mentally deficient” children (Scotty, 2009). She always had a great aspiration to help children. The Montessori methods came about from her observations while working at the Casa dei Bambini (a daycare center in Rome). She saw how children learn naturally by things around them. Maria Montessori believed that children learned best by doing things individually and teaching themselves (Lewis, 1992). In Montessori schools children learn to deal with real life problems and how to overcome life’s obstacles. The teachers provide the children with freedom and independence.
For instance, Watson provides a concept that requires more confirmation: “It will take seventy-five years, or for me to be nearly 100, before women can expect to be paid the same as men for the same work” (2), there was no indication that her hypothesis makes a good testable comparison using empirical evidence (Logos), and there are no details of the connection between the standards of two or more variables. Consequently, this decreased Watson’s credibility to the audience, which will lead to further examining of her argument, and whether she should have the right to deliberate about gender inequality. Additionally, Watson does not take into consideration of the physical, mental, and natural capabilities of men and women, which obviously indicates that she needs to conduct more investigation to her theory. Lastly, Watson should offer more proof in her statement, rather than by attempting to make the audience feel particular emotions, which does not meet the requirements of the logical