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Three functions of persuasion
The art of persuasion
Three functions of persuasion
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Persuasion is an act or process of outlining arguments to shift, motivate or change the receiver (McLean, S. 2010). The persuasion principle is an effective tool in dealing with coworkers, clients, bosses, etc. Social psychologist Robert Cialdini offers six principles of persuasion that are powerful and effective,
Reciprocity is the expectation for exchange of value or service between both parties. It recognizes that people feel indebted to those who do something for them or give them a gift. This builds trust and develops relationship. For example, in marketing, the reciprocation principle explains why free samples can be so effective, people who receive a free, unexpected gift are more likely to listen to a product features.
Scarcity is the feeling of not adaptable supplies or limited resource. Perceived scarcity
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Authority is the full and gainful knowledge in a field, research, or a product, this allows to have authority over the topic. People will tend to obey authority figure, even if they are asked to perform objectionable acts (Cialdini, R. 2009). People respect authority; they want to follow the lead of the real experts.
Commitment and consistency: Being consistent and committed is essential. If people commit orally or in writing, they are more likely to honor their commitment because of establishing that ideal or goal as being congruent with their self-image. People do not like to back out of deals; people strive for consistency in their commitments.
Consensus, Principles of consensus are testimonials, to me, reviews from personal experiences with a product or service. Seeing a positive feedback from other people can be persuasive. For example, when people are uncertain about a course of action, they tend to look at those around them to guide their decision and actions. They want to know what everyone else is doing, especially their
Summary – It can be very useful when things do not tend to fall your way by then switching things up on your opponent and using their most positive words in order to make it look negative. Every argument needs facts and if that does not work for you, you should probably redefine the issue being made. The importance and relevance of the argument should be taken into consideration. Remember that manipulating the definition of things in your favor is the way to go.
In persuasion, the Mere Exposure Theory, the Dissonance Theory, and the Social Judgment Theory are used. Each of these theories of persuasion explains why it works or does not work in any specific setting. Depending on the theory, certain means of applying these theories can be successful or unsuccessful. The Mere Exposure Theory of persuasion states that people will be persuaded simply by repeated exposure. (G.Magee,
Persuasion is the concept of changing someone’s mind or supporting a certain value, belief, or behavior.
The principle of reciprocity is when parties expect a “this for that” exchange on a social level. One can appeal to the principle
Principle of Reciprocity: Human nature has indoctrinated us a value that “one good turn deserves another.” We feel that if a form of kindness is extended to us, the best way to show our appreciation is to give them something back in return. The added incentive is that in reciprocity, trust is built and relationships are born. In a business setting, reciprocity can be gleamed in brand loyalty. Free samples that are given induce clients to buy a product. A positive experience will draw an audience closer.
One principle I believe to not be as ethical as the others would be “consensus”. In the Science of Persuasion video, Cialdini and Martin state that people who follow the persuasion principle of consensus “will look to the actions of others to determine their own” (9:14). This could be less ethical than others because people will base their actions off of another person’s actions, which might not be how they truly feel about the certain situation. One’s own communication should be solely based on their own opinion and choice, but if they change their ways due to someone else’s actions, their “actions are unintentional” and doesn’t allow the “individual to think or act for themselves” (Rothwell 24). Choice is a very big part when it comes to communication and the coercion of someone else’s thoughts negatively impact how a person will relay their communication to others. Since it is not fully their own thoughts and ideas, this makes their actions seem unintentional. The person who sees the individual’s actions to be unintentional does not feel as comfortable and it does not create a level of trust, which would would likely cause the person to cut off contact or communication with the individual. Like the last principle, integrity can also play into why this principle of persuasion is not as ethical as others. Carter explains in his text Integrity that “it is sometimes necessary to take that
For the purpose of this essay, this writer will define reciprocity as the expectation or ‘norm’ that people will respond to another party in the same manner in which the other party has treated them. So, for practical purposes, this means rewarding a good deed with another good deed, and punishing a bad deed with another bad deed. Of course, in order for a system like this to produce a favorable outcome, both groups must start out with good deeds, otherwise the system will only lead to relatively permanent hostilities.
Persuasion is a commonly used communication technique that allows us to socially influence a certain topic positively or negatively. Its purpose is to help affirm or nullify an idea, belief or attitude. Sometimes the exact topic is very detectable in communication such as during debates but other times it displayed a little more subtly. Persuasion is more than just verbally speaking. Non-verbal communication such as body language, tone and pitch of the voice can also add to the affirmation of the topic. The setting and location also help encourage the acceptance of what is being persuaded.
The first principle of persuasion is likeability. If a person knows you, likes you and trusts you, you will have more influence on that person. Many factors play into whether or not a person or group likes another person or group. Being attractive, having similarities or common ties, familiarity, praise and being complimentary, and also being connected to the positive help one to be more likeable. Reciprocity is the basic concept of ‘you scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours’, and ‘what goes aournd comes around’ (Myers, 2010, pg. 237). Performing favors is a powerful tool to influence because people feel obligated to repay that favor. The third principle listed is social proof. This is related to peer pressure as people tend to look to others to substantiate and justif...
In closing, Persuasion is a powerful tool, both in trying to persuade others and being
Finally, the liking principle is one that will often be used in the art of persuasion. This can be used effectively, where a product can be seen as “likable” if for example it has been endorsed by someone perceived to be physically attractive or perhaps someone that demonstratives the behaviors of a friend, such as showing similar traits or someone that can be related to.
In the most widely quoted and discussed model of presidential power, Richard Neustadt states that the power of the president lies in the power to persuade. According to Neustadt, the key to presidential success and influence is persuasion. Although some may view the president as a powerful authority figure, the checks and balances established by the founders makes the president’s skills of persuasion crucial.
Reciprocity is symbolic of creating, maintaining, or strengthening social relationships as well as satisfying the material needs and wants of someone in need. It refers to the exchange of objects without the use of money or other media of exchange. It can take the form of sharing, hospitality, gifts, or bartering. Anthropologists identify three forms of reciprocity.
persuasion on people you need to be familiar with the structure behind a persuasive message. It is important to identify which route is beingused (central or peripheral) and understand the effect of the communicator,the content of the message, the method of communication, and the reaction by the audience. Counterarguements in making a public commitment strengthen out resistance to persuasion.
The book, Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert B. Cialdini illustrates the implementation of reciprocation, commitment and consistency, social proof, liking, authority, and scarcity. The book identifies these six principles as weapons of influence in aiding with persuasion. The following explains and applies each principle.