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The principle of negligence
The principle of negligence
The basic principles of negligence
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Introduction: In this memo, I will discuss two legal issues. In Part I, I will discuss the elements of the negligence in the incident that occurred when Edie slipped on the peanuts in Foods, Inc. and broke her leg and arm. The memo will also examine the likelihood of Edie winning a negligence case against Foods Inc. for her injuries sustained from slipping on the peanuts. Besides, I will look at whether Foods, Inc. could raise any legal defenses and if so would such legal defenses be successful in negating liability for Foods, Inc. In Part II of this memo, I will also consider the Constitutional rights of the protesters and their possible liability for trespassing at Foods, Inc. I will also look at the legal claim that the protestors could sue for and whether they could be convicted of trespassing against Foods, Inc. Discussion and Analysis: The elements of negligence in this scenario are; although the manager of Foods, Inc. was unaware of …show more content…
felt that the protestors were impeding the ingress and egress of clients into Foods end thus interfering with business, there is no sufficient evidence to back such claims. The protestors were at the either of the two ends of the Foods’ sidewalk and not directly in front of the entry and exit doors. Therefore, the protestors cannot be convicted of trespassing against Foods. Additionally, the protestors never intended to interfere with lawful activity in Foods Inc. through disruption or obstruction. Conclusion: In the case, Edie v. Foods, Inc., there is liability for negligence because the manager should have known of the spilled peanuts because a reasonable person taking care of a property would have discovered the peanuts on the store’s isle and cleaned them before customer start arrived at the store. There is also a violation of protestors’ constitutional rights of freedom of assembly because the police did require them to stop marching on a public sidewalk, away from Foods Inc.’s entrance and
It was found in the respondents submissions that a duty of care was necessary. The issue of negligence he believed was unsustainable as the risks were minimal and it was not unusual to take one’s eyes off the road. Causation was not satisfied as the judge concluded that the respondent would not have had enough time in any circumstance to avoid a collision with the cow.
The case Dixon v. Alabama State Board of Education involved six black students, including St. John Dixon. These six students sued the Alabama State Board of Education, because they claimed that their expulsion from Alabama State College denied them due process. They were thought to be a part of several large Civil Rights demonstrations throughout the south. The sit-in they held at one of the local diners during lunch gained the most attention. As common practice, the diner refused to serve the students, so the students refused to leave. Shortly after the sit-in, "Alabama State College expelled the students without providing any reason or allowing the students to appeal the decision" (Byrom 151). The students took t...
A big event that happened on August 29 in North Carolina was a strike in a state where there are no unions and the very spot that was the birthplace of some of the first fast food places such as Hardees and Krispy Kreme. Early in the morning on this particular day, at 6 a.m., the protesters started forming. They began to yell about how they could possibly survive $7.25. How could they feed their own families? TV news crews and policeman began to show up, and then the protest became real. People driving by honked their horns to show support of the protesters. The protestor grew in size as the...
They were willing to break unjust laws to achieve a just law. In John Lewis’ March book One, we see examples of Lewis’s days when he, himself, took part in sit-ins at dinners to be served meals. At the counters of diners, they were rejected by waitress to be served meals. In the book, we witness the brutality and beatings young protesters at counters received as well as in the movie “The Butler”. Both scenes show the consequences protesters faced once in white people’s territory. The goal of the sit-ins was to fight for equality in dining areas and restaurants. With all the violence faced during sit-ins in both book one and two, the protesters continuous pressure to integrate diners and restaurants proved to be effective because a bill was later signed to desegregate diners because of race. In today’s generation, a sit-in would not be effective because this generation’s youth does not have the will and mentality to withstand abuse from whites without fighting back. Violence answers to violence as we have seen recent violence demonstrated by young black protesters in other
On the 1st of October in the year 2017, the defendant, in this case, the supermarket was found liable for the case Susan injury in the supermarket's premises. The hip injury on Susan’s hip which was a result of the slipping over a squashed banana. The presence of the squashed banana in the premises was an outright sign of negligence and recklessness by the supermarket's staff. (Damage law)
...upport him and he would fall frequently”. They also stated that Bradley was “very wide when using his crutches, making him an obstacle to other people.” The EEOC’s expert stated Bradley would not pose a threat if using a wheelchair. Wal-Mart never explained whether or not a wheelchair would pose a threat. Wal-Mart’s expert witness admitted Bradley would be more stable in a wheelchair, and would be less of a threat than if he were on crutches. After Wal-Mart attempted to prove a “direct threat” defense, The Eighth Circuit court held that Wal-Mart still failed to prove that Bradley was a direct threat to the safety of himself, or others, and reversed the grant of summary judgment by the district court. The court’s opinion in this case went by the same reasoning as most courts that “direct threat” is an affirmative defense that the defendant-employer must prove.
In the Summer of 1960 at three stores in downtown Fredericksburg, eight black high school students participated in the sit-ins. They were trained to not touch any store products so they could not be arrested for stealing. These were peaceful demonstrations where the black students sat at the lunch counters and prevented the white customers from eating. The students rotated between the three different stores Woolworth’s, W. T. Grants, and People’s Drug Store. By July 30 Woolworth’s and Grants both black and white people were allowed to eat at the lunch counters. People’s Drugs Store wouldn’t let any blacks in until a few months later.
While the majority argued that bakers working condition was not so bad that may cause illness, Justice Harlan cited evidence from the book “Diseases of Workers” by Professor Hirt, pointing out that “The labor of bakers is among the hardest and most laborious imaginable”. He added that the “erratic demands of the public [for bakery]” placed “a great deal of exertion in an overheated workshop” on bakers and forced them to work for an incredibly long time, most of which was “at night”. This deprived “him[them] of an opportunity to enjoy the necessary rest and sleep”, which is tremendously harmful to the immune system. What’s more, the environment in which bakers spend most of their time was also detrimental to their health. Flour dust and heat, according to another writer, cause “inflammation of lungs and of the bronchial tubes”, “running eyes”, “rheumatism, cramp and swollen legs” (Reader 77). Most importantly, bakers lives became considerably shorter than others’. Not only were bakers more vulnerable to diseases due to long time of work and subsequently fragile immune system, health of the general public were also put at a huge risk. It is obvious that these workers would be the first group of victims when a contagious disease spread. Given the huge demands for bakeries, public health would definitely be affected by consuming bread and cakes directly produced and contacted by these bakers. The evidence and examples above clearly show how much rights violations were going on in bakery shops. Numerous hours of work was proved to affect bakers health, especially their respiratory organs, extremities and immune system, which shortened their life expectancy at a perceptible level. The Declaration of Independence endows each and every one of U.S. citizens several basic yet
One of the first documented incidents of the sit-ins for the civil rights movement was on February 1, 1960 in Nashville, Tennessee. Four college African-Americans sat at a lunch counter and refused to leave. During this time, blacks were not allowed to sit at certain lunch counters that were reserved for white people. These black students sat at a white lunch counter and refused to leave. This sit-in was a direct challenge to southern tradition. Trained in non-violence, the students refused to fight back and later were arrested by Nashville police. The students were drawn to activist Jim Lossen and his workshops of non-violence. The non-violent workshops were training on how to practice non-violent protests. John Lewis, Angela Butler, and Diane Nash led students to the first lunch counter sit-in. Diane Nash said, "We were scared to death because we didn't know what was going to happen." For two weeks there were no incidences with violence. This all changed on February 27, 1960, when white people started to beat the students. Nashville police did nothing to protect the black students. The students remained true to their training in non-violence and refused to fight back. When the police vans arrived, more than eighty demonstrators were arrested and summarily charged for disorderly conduct. The demonstrators knew they would be arrested. So, they planned that as soon as the first wave of demonstrators was arrested, a second wave of demonstrators would take their place. If and when the second wave of demonstrators were arrested and removed, a third would take their place. The students planned for multiple waves of demonstrators.
With Christmas Break on its way, Rob tries to make a plan to sneak out of the house and go to a meeting of the group. The group wanted to start a sit-in at a local restaurant in Virginia. They planned to sit there until they were served and if the college students sitting at the bar were arrested, new ones would come and take their place. High school students would only pass out flyers, though, just so they wouldn’t get in trouble with their parents if they were arrested. Rob requested a furlough for the weekend so he could visit his family and participate in the sit-in. The day of the sit-in, Rob noticed that there was a patrol car parked on the other side of the street. Surprisingly, the cops didn’t try to stop it, they just sat there and watched. Even though they never got served, they made great progress by getting more people involved. Later that night at dinner, Rob mentioned to his dad that there was no parents there or elder people, and he wondered why they weren’t supporting them. The second day of the sit-in went a little differently, Rob’s dad got together a handful of his co-workers and W.K. Evans, an activist for the “Civil Rights Movement,” to help serve lunch for all of the protestors. The protest ended that day because of a few white boys that beat up the
They did not get their food that day, but they did not leave or go sit in the very back like they were asked to . Instead of leaving, they just sat there and wanted. They wanted so long that it was finally time for the restaurant to close. But this still did not stop them the next day when they came back again. This time something great happened instead of there just being four college kids who were African-American there were more. On February 5th 1960, there had been over 300 hundred students that had joined in this protest that also heard about the four college students and started to protest some of them even went out to different restaurants for sit-ins. By the end of March the movement had spread to 55 cities in 13 States. Even though a lot of them were arrested for trespassing this did not stop them at all. Even the national media covered the peaceful protest about the sit-ins. Finally, after many months the four college students finally succeed. July 1960, African Amercains were finally able to be served first. This shows a great way to peacefully protest because no one was being violent at
If you slip and fall in a grocery store and injure yourself, this event alone is not enough to hold the store liable for your injuries. You must be able to demonstrate that
Miles, Kathleen. "Largest Civil Disobedience In Walmart History Leads To More Than 50 Arrests." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 08 Nov. 2013. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.
Throughout the past two decades, boycotts and demonstrations against Korean-American grocers by African-Americans have become increasingly common. This Anti-Korean stance has been fueled by complaints of Koreans' rudeness and physical violence towards customers, shoplifting suspicions, and price discrimination. However, using these same grievances, Korean-Americans have also done their share of shaking up the system.
The fresh bread smell of the bakery warms the air as people, old and young live in peaceful harmony. All these things can be accomplished without the collateral damage that protests have on cities. Some of these include the destruction it has on a city businesses and livelihood, the distraught citizens left dumbfounded and the counterproductivity placed upon many. We should take the many cities such as Ferguson as a lesson in which we can now act upon behalf of all of the people affected by the Ferguson protests and show them that it doesn’t have to end the way it did. So next time you are asked to participate in a protest think twice about the consequence that could be faced upon you, others and everyone not only in you community, but others as