Redundancy in audiovisual translation
As stated in previous paragraphs techniques of AVT such as subtitling or voice-over cannot be separated from some omissions and condensations of a source text. These extra elements which can be easily, without serious manipulation, omitted are called redundancy.
According to Tomaszkiewicz (2006: 127) the notion of redundancy may be easily defined as
“the excess of the information in communicate formulated in a given code” (Tomaszkiewicz
2006:127). Redundancy, on the one hand, influences the length of communication; on the other hand however, facilitates the reception of this communication. Tomaszkiewicz also claims that the presence of this phenomenon is necessary in a successful communication because its
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2.3.1. Verbal redundancy in relation to the cognitive knowledge of the recipient According to Tomaszkiewicz (2006:128) it is widely visible, when looking at the plethora of different instances of movie translations in the form of subtitles, that the translators often omit or reduce some parts of text assuming that the audience possesses certain knowledge about everyday conversation. The imitation of everyday conversation in the movie dialogues is based on verbal chunks called adjacency pair. These pairs include greeting - greeting, proposition – acceptation, question – answer. Since the reaction to any of these language acts can be highly predictable a given adjacency pair may be regarded as redundant and omitted by translator (Tomaszkiewicz 2006:128).
2.3.2. Redundancy in relation to other verbal elements
As Tomaszkiewicz (2006: 134-140) says audiovisual translation is an imitation of real life conversation and it must not be telegraphic. The audience should have impression of the real dialogue. Nevertheless, there is a limited place for subtitles and they ought to be somehow reduced. Following elements are the ones which are shortened or omitted in translated
dialogues:
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There are three comical situations formulated by Kałaga (1997: 12) which fall into the category of untranslatability:
- When comicality is placed in the language and stems from the construction of language. - When comicality has beyond-language characteristic and stems from the world model or image, and language is only a notion of it.
- When comicality stems from the world model which is embedded in the language and results from the language (Tomaszkiewicz 2006: 183).
Hejwowski (2004: 106) supplements the first category with the language phenomena like polysemy or homonymy, which can be very problematic if the target language lacks appropriate equivalents. The solution for translators struggling with such and other lingual rooted patterns is, according to Tomaszkiewicz (2006: 185), compensation. Compensation is a technique of translation involving the equalization of information loss, occurred in one place of a text in order to sustain the whole of the given text (Tomaszkiewicz 2004: 54). In other words, when the untranslatability occurs in one part of the text, i.e. pun existing only in
Structure is essential for both literary text and informative text. The informative text provides facts laid out in
dialogue, he paints a beautiful picture as he speaks and tells a story that gets everyone
Use non-verbal communication such as gesture, facial expression and written communication wherever possible; use pictures, symbols or music to support communication and understanding; not finishing an individual’s sentence unless asked to :avoid negative statements; take care with tone of voice and body language ; be aware of any hearing , visual or second language difficulties; use listening skills to interpret intended meaning
This gives the readers a clue that what is to happen in the upcoming text is a
In another budgetary adaptation, the film crew, lacking the funds for cranes and dollies to do moving and panning shots, quickly switched between multiple shots for dynamic dialog, giving a certain frenzied feel to the dialog interactions (Hervey 38). The style this lends to th...
Unfortunately, Coppola changed the style of Classical Hollywood Cinema by not allowing the characters to not be fully aware of everything. For example, during the scene of the whiskey commercial, Bob Harris was confused because of his Japanese interpreter didn’t speak like the Japanese commercial director. In all, Bob was lost and the audience without the use of subtitles. Being away from their true lives Bob, the washed up movie actor, and Charlotte, the young wife, find comfort in each other. Being lost in their own lives and marriages the short time built a love that take years to achieve. The lingering confusion of Lost in Translation is the whisper between Bob and Charlotte that leaves Act III
Relying on the conventions of the silent film era, The Philadelphia Story uses “the expository intertitles to convey crucial information” relevant to the...
Reflect on everyday life conversations, it can relate to you, the audience Now this leads to, are we really communicating effectively? With fragmented words, as we do with our cellphone texts.
There are thousands of scenes from movies and television shows that represent important communicative acts. In this particular case study, I will take two scenes of my choosing, one that shows miscommunication and one that shows successful communication, and explain what happens in them through the lens of human communication, using key terms and concepts that I’ve learned in class. The first scene I’ll examine is from the Nick Cassavetes-directed film John Q, and the scene is an example of successful communication.
Lacey, N. (2005). Film Language. Introduction to film (pp. 16-22). Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Over the recent four months in Communication 1402 class, I have addressed three formal speechs and completed a number of chapters in the corresponding textbook “Communication Works”. This course of Communication aims to provide general information what public speaking is and how to address a public speaking. Recalling back the experience during the processes of completing the Speech to Imform, Speech to Persuade, and Group Presentation, I will draw a conclusion about this course and these three presentations in five aspects, comprising my previous perception of public speaking before this course; learning from the Speech to Inform; the goal and evaluation of Speech to Persuade; learning from the Group Presentation; the most important thing learned from this course.
For my video paper I chose to do a Pixar movie called Finding Nemo. Although Pixar movies are more aimed for the younger generations, it is becoming more popular for these movies to be introduced in the classrooms. In our DeVito text it shows and explains all the different forms of communication that can be related back to Finding Nemo. Along with other Pixar movies, they all portray many different aspects of communication. Nonverbal communication is presented in the movie by using gestures/movement. Although cartoon characters are not actually real people in the movie, they are created by real people who have experienced nonverbal communication in their lives.
The strengh of the dialogue is not felt as it is translated from Latin into English.
As our body language is important in communicating,our voice is also an important factor.When we communicate with one another then our voice should be audible to all,so that everyone can understand our saying.Moreover,we should use supporting material that should be related to our topic,we can include graphs,charts,so that people can understand our saying easily.
The way we communicate can be very important in representing ourselves in our community. In the beginning, of the semester, we watched a movie regarding a royal member whom was looked down upon because of his verbal pauses. However, throughout the movie he learns to work with his speaking style. He may have not completely eliminated the flaw but, he did learn how to overcome and adjust with it is style of public speaking. Public speaking is very power it as the authority to make an audience shock, upset, surprised, disbelief, and even to become inspired. By using structure in a speech and applying ethos, pathos, and logos can create a deeper connection to the audience. Therefore, the most impactful part of a speech is its introduction. Such that if the speaker implies a power attention getter they are able to deliver their message successfully. In my class presentation, the times I won speaker of the day I noticed that within my speech the only reason why I was selected was because I provided a strong attention getter and because my voice was very loud and it had minimal of verbal pauses. I have learned that any speech can be delivered successfully when the elements of structure and practiced are present. For most of my presentation to prepare I would practice my speech by recording myself with a tape recorder and then replying. This allowed