Conduct disorder is an externalizing disorder (marked by outward directed behaviors), with the child’s behavior significantly impacting others and their surroundings. The DSM-5 criteria describes conduct disorder as being marked by aggression to people and animals (e.g. bullying), property destruction (e.g. vandalism), theft or deceitfulness (e.g. shoplifting), seriously violating rules (e.g. truancy before age 13), or significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. For a diagnosis of conduct disorder at least 3 or more of the preceding must be present in the past 12 months, with at least one being present from the previous 6 months (Kring, 2014). These expressions of behavior are usually exhibited with callousness, …show more content…
One type of treatment method involves family interventions through family check ups (FCU) or parent management training. FCU treatment indicates that early intervention in the family even if the intervention is brief can significantly benefit the child. FCU, over the course of 3 meetings, provides parents with comments on their way of parenting and their children. Those with a family history of conduct disorder or those children showing early signs of it can significantly benefit from family check ups. In this way FCU incorporates the genetic paradigm’s case into its treatment as well, because it is offered specifically to those who have a family history with the disorder. Parent management training involves teaching parents ways of responding to their child’s behavior that promotes prosocial rather than antisocial behavior (e.g. using positive reinforcement in response to desired behaviors). This type of treatment and modifications of it (including those for teachers, and the community) have been found to be very effective. Another type of treatment is multisystemic treatment which is a type of intensive therapy delivered in the community (specifically to adolscents, peer groups, families, and schools) in settings that are present in the individual’s life (e.g. school or home. By having it in such settings it increases the likelihood that the strategies developed during therapy will be carried into everyday life. This treatment targets the many social systems involved in conduct disorder, and uses many techniques in therapy including behavioral and cognitive. The therapy emphasizes strengths of the individual, requires regular interventions by those in the family, identifies where/when conduct problems occur, and focuses on the present issues at hand. Multisystemic therapy has been found to be effective in a number of research studies. Finally, prevention programs aim to stop the
Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy (CBT) emphasizes on modifying parent’s behavior and improving communication skills. According to Nichols (2013), “Consequences that accelerate behavior are reinforcers; those that decelerate behavior are punishers” (p. 186). For example, Gladys’ behavior will be regulated by using reinforcements or punishment.
A systems based treatment plan is necessary when working with this family and a systemic assessment is needed to accomplish this. “A systemic assessment will typically reveal that marital and/or parenting issues are contributing to the presenting problem” (Gehart, p. 37, 2016). The therapist will start by using a genogram. A genogram was used to analyze the Andersen family, as it is a structured way of collecting information about the family. It allows the therapist to gather details and “identifies not only problematic intergenerational patterns, but also alternate ways for relating and handling problems” (Gehart, 2014, p. 237). A genogram is a visual representation of the family and their history that will display
The hallmark of Conduct Disorder (CD) is an obvious and careless apathy for the rules, the rights, the emotions, and the personal territory of others. Aggression, deceitfulness, duress, and power over others are enjoyable to a child with CD. Children with CD pick fights, trespass, lie, cheat, steal, vandalize, display abusive behaviors, and, for older children, perpetrate unwanted sexual advances. The display of signs in younger children can be: ruthless bullying, lying for the purpose of lying, and stealing of useless things.
Structural therapy focuses on the family as a whole. It is concerned about how the issues effect the family relationships and connections. This theory concentrates on how well the understanding is amongst the family members and counselor. The members of the family are prompted to understand how the issues were created, where did the issues come from, when the issues started effecting their family, and what the family needs to overcome their issues. Its focus is to help others understand and improve negative behavior. The structural therapy concentrates on the interaction and boundaries of families with separating the whole family into smaller groups. The subsystems will create a clearer understanding of what issues are hurting their family environment (Gladding, S. T. 2010). The counselor is concerned about the members interaction because this reveals how strong the relationships and connections are in the home. The boundaries are important because they create an understanding that there are limits and order, and the boundaries can be diffused, rigid, or clear (Gladding, S. T. 2010). The counselor is expected to identify techniques so members can understand which boundaries are clear, positive, and healthy (Gladding, S. T. 2010).
The disorder is marked by a persistent pattern of disregard for the rights of others. This, in addition to the repeated violation of others’ rights, is able to be traced back to childhood or early adolescence and continues to be evidenced in adulthood. The diagnostic criteria are as follows. There must be evidence of at least three of the following occurring since the age of 15...
Sandomierski, T., Kincaid, D., & Algozzine, B. (2007, June). Response to intervention and positive behavior support: Brothers from different mothers or sisters with different misters?. Retrieved from http://www.pbis.org/pbis_newsletter/volume_4/issue2.aspx
Nieter et al. (2013) looked at PCIT with community families and whether the behaviors of the children changed after the 12 sessions. The sample of 27 families was in low socioeconomic statuses, and the children were between 2-8 years of age. Only 17 of these families completed the entire treatment. The families that were in the PCIT program exemplified that the parents and/or caregivers gained skills to help their children’s behavior. The caregivers also in the experimental (PCIT) group believed that their children’s behavior improved by the end of treatment and the parents’ stress level decreased as well. Not only did the children’s behavior improve, but the parents also felt like they did not exhibit inappropriate behaviors (e.g. critical statements) as much and used more prosocial behaviors. The study’s results also may show that the fact that the treatment was in a group setting may have been beneficial, because it provides a support system, and they are able to problem solve together. Even after treatment ended, the parents reported that they kept in contact, creating a strong community. However, on the other hand, the problem with the group setting was the because there were so many groups, each caregiver only received 10-15 minutes of coaching which is shorter than the individual sessions. Thus, the therapists could not ensure that each family fully mastered each session before moving on to the
Handling a young fragile mind can be difficult; but studies have shown therapeutic rehabilitation is key in not causing unrepairable damage. The majority of youth offenders has been exposed to harsh environments and rough upbringings. Years of exposure to violence and neglect can create a sort of brain-washing. It is imperative to focus on important aspects of life in order to transform the mind of the juveniles. An efficient method that involves keeping the juvenile in the community is referred to as multisystemic therapy. “Multisystemic therapy is an intensive therapy program which focuses on numerous aspects the delinquent’s life: family, school, social and other unique factors which may relate to the behavior” (May, Osmond, and Billick 298). When using the multisystemic approach juveniles decrease association with other delinquents, juvenile and adult. The therapeutic method gives an individual approach on focusing deeper on the root issues and helps the juvenile renew their minds and thought process. In the end, adopting multisystemic therapy decreases the likelihood of the youth continuing in a criminal
Conduct Disorder (CD) appears to be linked with substance abuse disorders (SUD) among adolescents when compared to other mental disorders within this population. There is a strong correlation between childhood diagnosis of CD because of environmental and genetic factors and is more common among boys than girls when there is a positive parental history of SUD. Pagliaro & Pagliaro (2012) have indicated that a dual diagnosis involving CD may be mediated among adolescents with childhood A-D/HD by the factor of deviant peer affiliation and co-morbidity of CD or of ODD is at an increased risk for developing a peer-mediated SUD during adolescence.
According to the DSM-IV, if a child's problem behaviors do not meet the criteria for Conduct Disorder, but involve a pattern of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior, Oppositional Defiant Disorder may be diagnosed. These children may blame others for their problems.
Intervention needs to be tailored to the child’s needs, and effort needs to be placed on restoring the child to normal or optimal state of mental health or behavior adjustment. Intervention needs to focus on problem-solving and cognitive skills, so that children with behavioral problems learn to adjust to, deal with, or resolve conflicting and traumatic factors. Skill development is an essential ingredient of lifestyle intervention.
Chapter 4 discussed the process of behavioral therapy. There are seven steps involved in behavioral therapy to include: clarify the problem, formulating initial treatment goals, designing a target behavior, identifying maintaining conditions, designing and implementing a treatment plan, and evaluating the success of therapy and follow up assessment. The measurement of the target behavior begins after the target behavior has been designed and continues throughout the evaluation of therapy. When clients come for treatment they come with a multitude of problems, behavioral therapy narrows the client complaints to one or two problems (step 1). Conducting therapy in this manner has three advantages, the client is able to focus better, there is normally
It is rare to find one behavioral intervention that addresses the function of a problem behavior in each situation and setting. Positive behavioral support strategies should therefore include multicomponent intervention plans. Begin by developing a hypothesis regarding the undesirable behavior. The hypothesis statement is a summary of the evidence collected in the functional assessment.
“Cognitive-behavior therapy refers to those approaches inspired by the work of Albert Ellis (1962) and Aaron Beck (1976) that emphasize the need for attitude change to promote and maintain behavior modification” (Nichols, 2013, p.185). A fictitious case study will next be presented in order to describe ways in which cognitive behavioral therapy can be used to treat the family members given their presenting problems.
By identifying a direct connection between parents either present or not and behavioral problems will allow professionals to better understand the whys behind each subject's behavior. Knowledge of specific vulnerabilities is essential in allocating a greater awareness for the individual. The study will create a lot of positive feedback because of its ability in assisting communities for development of better treatment programs for future generations to come. More importantly, improvement in counseling methods overall can result as well as having more accessible therapies for individuals. Professionals like scientists, researchers, educators, and administrators, will practice more useful methods having a greater knowledge towards analysis of subjects personal health evaluations.