Ethics
Definition: Ethics can be defined as a set of moral principles or values that deals with what is good and bad and it upholds moral duty and obligation of an indivual or community.
It can also be defined as the study of right conduct and a rational process for determining the best course of action in the face of conflicting choices. Medical ethics is the science of moral values that guides a medical practioner in their relationship with their patients, the state and professional brethren.
Animal research has had a vital role in many scientific and medical advances in past and continues to aid our understanding of various diseases thus helping us to understand the pathophysiology of diseases and finding the cure for such disease. Due to the advances and subsequent development of new therapeutic drugs and treatments which is made possible by animal research people enjoy better quality of life and eradication of deadly diseases throughout the world. However, the use of laboratory animals in life Science experiments and medical research has been a subject of frenzied debate for many years because the animals are subjected to pain and suffering, to some
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Regulation of animal experimentation in modern societies is mostly based on the idea that this is ethically acceptable when certain more or less defined formal demands and ethical principles are met. Morals are established for animal caging, cleaning, feeding, environmental conditions, environmental enrichment and transportation.
Animal Caging
The animal must be kept in proper caging to improve the sanitary conditions and to ease overcrowding of the animals in the cage which in turn enhances the living conditions of the animals in considerations. The housing used must permit easy cleaning procedure, ease of transportation and must be durable to reduce the cost of maintaining the animals in
Both in and out of philosophical circle, animals have traditionally been seen as significantly different from, and inferior to, humans because they lacked a certain intangible quality – reason, moral agency, or consciousness – that made them moral agents. Recently however, society has patently begun to move beyond this strong anthropocentric notion and has begun to reach for a more adequate set of moral categories for guiding, assessing and constraining our treatment of other animals. As a growing proportion of the populations in western countries adopts the general position of animal liberation, more and more philosophers are beginning to agree that sentient creatures are of a direct moral concern to humans, though the degree of this concern is still subject to much disagreement. The political, cultural and philosophical animal liberation movement demands for a fundamental transformation of humans’ present relations to all sentient animals. They reject the idea that animals are merely human resources, and instead claim that they have value and worth in themselves. Animals are used, among other things, in basic biomedical research whose purpose is to increase knowledge about the basic processes of human anatomy. The fundamental wrong with this type of research is that it allows humans to see animals as here for them, to be surgically manipulated and exploited for money. The use of animals as subjects in biomedical research brings forth two main underlying ethical issues: firstly, the imposition of avoidable suffering on creatures capable of both sensation and consciousness, and secondly the uncertainty pertaining to the notion of animal rights.
Ethics is defined by as the “branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions
Wepworth, Adam. "Animal Research: The Ethics of Animal Experimentation." (n.d.): n. pag. 16 July 2010. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
vivisection Animal Research and Testing, Is it Ethical? “It is a simple fact that many, if not most, of today’s modern medical miracles would not exist if experimental animals had not been available to medical scientists. It is equally a fact that, should we as a society decide the use of animal subjects is ethically unacceptable and therefore must be stopped, medical progress will slow to a snail’s pace. Such retardation will in itself have a huge ethical ‘price tag’ in terms of continued human and animal suffering from problems such as diabetes, cancer, degenerative cardiovascular diseases, and so forth.” Dr. Simmonds, a veterinarian who specializes in the care of laboratory animals, is one of many who believe that animal testing is an ethical practice.
[1] Ethics is defined as “the code of moral principles and values that governs the behaviour of a person or a group with respect to what is right or wrong” (Samson and Daft, 2005, p.158)
Justifying the Killing of Animals for Research. Works Cited Missing Can killing animals for medical research, cosmetics, food and sport be? justifiable. What is the difference between a 'justifiable' For what reason can they be killed or should they not be? killed at all. Not killing animals at all would lead to overgrowth in population, which could cause damage to the environment.
I will first look at the views of Peter Singer, who is a utilitarian. A
My personal definition of ethics is a set of beliefs that govern the right or correct way one responds in a given situation. It is based on upbringing, religious reference, New Thought theory, personal integrity, a sense of right and wrong, and a feeling of “doing the right thing.” It is an ongoing process. Ethics, is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as “the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation. According to Johnson and Riley (2008), “the ethical life requires an integrated sense of self in relationship to others. It is a fundamental consistency between moral convictions and behavior across time and situations” (p. 3).
Ethic, how we define them? We can describe ethics as a set of moral principles or values. Laws and set of legal regulations, religious guidelines also the ethical codes for professional and industry groups are the examples of the values and moral principles that are implemented into our lives.
Ethics is a discipline of philosophy that outlines the right and the wrong moral conduct. It is a study of the moral behaviour of individuals and sets out a code of conduct as to how humans should act in a given situation. Contemporary ethics links the basic ideology of ethics with various other disciples of philosophy.
Every year, millions of animals experience painful, suffering and death due to results of scientific research as the effects of drugs, medical procedures, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products. Basically, animal experimentation has played a dominant role in leading with new findings and human advantages. Animal research has had a main function in many scientific and medical advances in the past decade and is helping in the understanding of several diseases. While most people believe than animal testing is necessary, others are worried about the excessive suffering of this innocent’s creatures. The balance between the rights of animals and their use in medical research is a delicate issue with huge societal assumptions. Nowadays people are trying to understand and take in consideration these social implications based in animals rights. Even though, many people tend to disregard animals that have suffered permanent damage during experimentation time. Many people try to misunderstand the nature of life that animals just have, and are unable to consider the actual laboratory procedures and techniques that these creatures tend to be submitted. Animal experimentation must be excluded because it is an inhumane way of treat animals, it is unethical, and exist safer ways to test products without painful test.
Animals are used in research to develop new medicines and for scientists to test the safety of the medicines. This animal testing is called vivisection. Research is being carried out at universities, medical schools and even in primary and elementary schools as well as in commercial facilities which provide animal experiments to industry. (UK Parliament) In addition, animals are also used in cosmetic testing, toxicology tests, “defense research” and “xenotransplantation”. All around the world, a huge amount of animals are sentenced to life in a laboratory cage and they are obliged to feel loneliness and pain. In addition scientists causing pain, most drugs that pas successfully in animals fail in humans. It is qualified as a bad science. Above all, animals have rights not to be harmed even though the Animal Welfare Act does not provide them even with minimal protection. The law does not find it necessary to use current alternatives to animals, even if they are obtainable. Animal testing should be banned due to animal rights, ethical issues, alternative ways and the unreliability of test results in humans.
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality. It is a way of life that questions concepts such as right and wrong and it applies to our personal and professional lives. If you are able to understand ethics and values you can easily increases your success in a professional career. We define ethics as “well based standards of right and wrong that prescribes what humans ought to do, usually in terms of virtues, beliefs, or even obligations .”
Ethics are moral principles or values that govern the conduct of an individual or a group.It is not a burden to bear, but a prudent and effective guide which furthers life and success. Ethics are important not only in business but in academics and society as well because it is an essential part of the foundation on which a civilized society is built.
Ethics is a system of moral principles and a branch of philosophy which defines what is acceptable for both individuals and society. It is a philosophy that covers a whole range of things that have an importance in everyday situations. Ethics are vital in everyones lives, it includes human values, and how to have a good life, our rights and responsibilities, moral decisions what is right and wrong, good and bad. Moral principles affect how people make decisions and lead their lives (BBC, 2013). There are many different beliefs about were ethics come from. These consist of; God and Religion, human conscience, the example of good human beings and a huge desire for the best for people in each unique situation, and political power (BBC, 2013).