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Dawes severalty act 1887
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• Reformers introduced the policy of concentrating Indians by giving them a choice to die or getting civilized into the American culture. In which Indians will be trained to be skilled worker or farmer and will also be taught the values, (American) language and morals. Many Indians refused this policy, and then soon after the government adopted the policy of the Dawes Act in 1887. Under the Dawes Act of 1887 Indian families were each granted 160 acres. This drew many Indians, but due to lack or no farming skills they fail to make money out of it, which led to reserved lands not allocated to Indians being open to non- Indian homesteader. In which, Whites were benefited more than anyone else. Later Burke Act was being passed in 1906 to fix the
Dawes Severalty Act (1887). In the past century, with the end of the warfare between the United. States and Indian tribes and nations, the United States of America. continued its efforts to acquire more land for the Indians. About this time the government and the Indian reformers tried to turn Indians.
Under the Jackson Administration, the changes made shaped national Indian policy. Morally, Andrew Jackson dismissed prior ideas that natives would gradually assimilate into white culture, and believed that removing Indians from their homes was the best answer for both the natives and Americans. Politically, before Jackson treaties were in place that protected natives until he changed those policies, and broke those treaties, violating the United States Constitution. Under Jackson’s changes, the United States effectively gained an enormous amount of land. The removal of the Indians west of the Mississippi River in the 1830’s changed the national policy in place when Jackson became President as evidenced by the moral, political, constitutional, and practical concerns of the National Indian Policy.
Second of all, in the result of getting the Natives to give up their land in 1802, the Americans agreed to give the Indians new extensive territory, pay the expense of his removal, and support the natives for the first year in his new home. This policy was generous towards the red man. But little did the Natives know what was ahead of them. In 1836, the policy of the Indian Removal Act was achieved. In 1838, the long journey to the new land began.
It was a great time of despair for the Native American people as the defeat of their nations by the ever westward expanding United States and subsequent placement onto reservations disrupted their culture and way of life as it had existed for hundreds of years. The decade leading up to 1890, which was a main focal point in the history of Native Americans, saw the passing of the 1887 Dawes Severalty Act which called for the breaking up of reservations and offering the Indians an opportunity to become citizens and giving them an allotment of land to farm or graze livestock on (Murrin 628). This breaking up of the different tribes’ social structure was just one of the many causes which led to the spiritual movement known as the Ghost Dance (or Lakota Ghost Dance) that swept across what remained of the Native American people in their various reservations. Other reasons for the Indian’s dysphoria at this time in their history included: lack of hunting, decease of the buffalo, forced abandonment of their religion, nearly forced conversion to Christianity, westernization, and having to farm for the very first time.
The institution of slavery, from the year 1830 to 1860, created a divide between the northern and southern regions of the United States. Southerners, who relied on slaves to maintain their plantations, supported the institution, as it was a major part of their economy. Meanwhile, northerners, many of whom depended on slave produced cotton for textile mills and goods for the shipping industry, were divided on the slave issue, as some saw it as a blessing while the abolitionists saw it as a horrific institution. Overall, attitudes toward the institution of slavery, due to a variety of causes, differed in the varying regions in the United States from 1830 to 1860.
The Dawes Act may have been written in order to keep the Indians safe and thriving, but it was doomed to fail. In the past, multiple treaties and acts have been proposed and passed with what seems to be in the native’s best interest but all have been forsaken and rewritten with less offered time and time again. Lands that were given to the Natives were often not the easiest to tame, nor were they the best to attempt a decent living on. Often times the Indians would even have their land weaseled away. In the end, the Dawes Act was a land-grabbing attempt, and a very successful one at
“By 1900, roughly 53,000 Indians had become American citizens be accepting land allotments under the Dawes Act. The following year, Congress granted citizenship to 100,000 residents of Indian Territory. The remainder would have to wait until 1919 and 1924, when Congress made all Indians American
The Indian Act is made up from the Gradual Civilization Act of 1857 and the Gradual Enfranchisement Act of 1869. The Gradual Civilization Act encouraged the Indian people to give up their status and become a Canadian citizen. The Gradual Enfranchisement Act gave the government full control over the Indian people. They were able to decide everything from who kept their status, received benefits, and even who were able to keep their children. In 1876, these acts together alongside with other rules and regulations formed the Indian Act. The government thought it was best to be able to control every aspect of the First Nations people’s lives. It was stated in annual report of the Department of the Interior Indian Affairs in 1876:
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was passed to remove all the Indians from their land to give to white settlers who wanted the land, it was fertile and cities were getting too crowded. The government figured that it would be best for the Indians if they relocated them because whites were going on Indian reservations and sometimes killing Indians.
The collective programs to reform and assimilate Native American’s under the lead of John Collier was deemed the “Indian New Deal.” John Collier was an American social philanthropist who took an interest in reforming and preserving Indian culture in America. He was eventually assigned the position of Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs by Franklin D. Roosevelt. The overall goal of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the American government, was to assimilate the native populations and to “Americanize” the Indian way of life. Although John Collier supported the plan of assimilation, his ideas, programs, and policies leaned toward the acculturation of Native Americans instead. Of the many programs and policies created under the authority
The American Indians were promised change with the American Indian policy, but as time went on no change was seen. “Indian reform” was easy to promise, but it was not an easy promise to keep as many white people were threatened by Indians being given these rights. The Indian people wanted freedom and it was not being given to them. Arthur C. Parker even went as far as to indict the government for its actions. He brought the charges of: robbing a race of men of their intellectual life, of social organization, of native freedom, of economic independence, of moral standards and racial ideals, of his good name, and of definite civic status (Hoxie 97). These are essentially what the American peoples did to the natives, their whole lives and way of life was taken away,
Indian policy gradually shifted from this aggressive mindset to a more peaceable and soft line policy. The Indian Wars ended in 1980 with the Battle of Wounded Knee. The battle resulted in over 200 deaths, but also, almost officially, marked a change in Indian policy. Although the change had subtly began before then, policies then became more kind. The Peace Commission created the reservation policy, although this was created 27 years before the Battle at Wounded Knee. The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was the greatest of reform efforts. The Act provided the granting of landholding to individual Native Americans, replacing communal tribal holdings. Another policy, the Burke Act of 1906, allowed Indians to become citizens if they left their tribes. Citizenship was eventually granted to all Native Americans in the 1920s.
On February 8, 1877, Congress passed the Dawes Act. This was named after its author, and Senator Henry Dawes from Massachusetts. The federal government stopped signing treaties with Native Americans, and replaced that with a new law, giving individual Indians ownership of land that had been tribal property. This showed the treatment of Native Americans as individuals, instead of members of their tribe. It also gave them the chance to be known as U.S citizens. This new policy made its focus on breaking up the reservations and giving the Native Americans land. The entire purpose of the Dawes Act was to protect Indian property rights of Native Americans, but the providing of the law, was fixed in a way that the members of the tribe would be taken
In 1830, the United States Government passed the Indian removal Act. This act called for Eastern Indians to be moved West to make room for white settlers. The Government then forced the Choctaw to sign the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek.
The Dawes Allotment Act of 1887 brought about the policy of Cultural Assimilation for the Native American peoples. Headed by Richard Henry Pratt, it founded several Residential Schools for the re-education and civilization of Native Americans. Children from various tribes and several reservations were removed from their families with the goal of being taught how to be c...