CAD: Nutritional Considerations
The role of diet in Coronary artery disease is evident from its pathological process, which involves the formation of plaque within the arteries, alterations in endothelial (where the inner lining of the arteries don’t work properly) which in turn, influence blood pressure, and inflammatory processes. Diet plays a major role through the regulation of blood lipids and by influencing endothelial function and the underlying inflammation that causes disease progression. A modified diet, particularly if combined with regular exercise, can prevent, delay, or reverse the progression and development of CAD.
Primary Goal of Diet
Controlling Blood Lipid Levels Saturated fats and cholesterol in the diet increases blood lipid levels, particularly LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol). Controlling blood lipoprotein levels with a combination of diet, medication (if necessary), and exercise, is the most effective treatment for CAD patients.
Decreasing Saturated Fat and
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First, benefits of omega-3 fatty acids generally been demonstrated in individuals following less than optimal diets, rather than in vegetarians or people who have been following a very low-fat diet. Second, while many studies have used fish oils, some evidence indicates that’s diets rich in plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids have similar results to reduction in CAD. Walnuts, flaxseed, flaxseed oil are all rich sources of omega-3 and lack the cholesterol of non-plant sources which CAD patients don’t need. Third, fats or oils that provide omega-3 fatty acids are as energy dense as any other fats and are mixtures of various types. Fish oil, for example, contains a large amount of saturated fat and cholesterol. Patients who include fatty fish in their diets as a means of increasing omega-3 intake will also increase saturated fat intake, and may see a rise in cholesterol levels, something that CAD patients should
The purpose of this report is to explore the controversial dispute between the quality of two different forms of fish oil supplementation; Triglyceride (TG) and Ethyl Ester (EE). Fish oil can be implemented into a diet by eating either fish or taking supplements. Fish oil is extracted from selected fish that contain highly beneficial healthy oils known as omega-3 fatty acids, two of the most important omega-3 fatty acids that are found in fish oil are Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). Some of these fish that contain healthy omega-3 fatty acids include Tuna, Salmon, Mackerel, Herring, Anchovy’s etc. Fish oil supplementation also often contains small amounts of vitamin E to prevent spoilage and is can be combined with various other minerals and vitamins. There is an array of benefits that are involved when implementing fish oil into a diet; although it’s most common association is that it has been linked to slightly lowering blood pressure or triglyceride levels (fats linked to cholesterol). Although fish oil is recommended for persons with high blood pressure, it’s extremely important to remember that it is only to be taken at recommended dosages as it can ironically increase the chances of stroke when overdosing on the supplement. The scope of this report includes a general comparison between TG and EE fish oil supplements and how they are chemically differentiated, with a focus on how the quality of the two forms of supplement are processed. This report will not focus on other forms of fish oil sources and the impact it might have on irreversible factors such as age, gender, genetics, race/culture or environmental conditions.
After review of the clinical information provided by North Central Bronx Hospital, the Medical Director has denied your admission to North Central Bronx Hospital. It was determined that the clinical information did not justify an inpatient stay. Acute inpatient hospitalization was not medically necessary. You are a 56 year old female with complaints of worsening pressure-like chest pain on the left sided that radiated to your left arm and neck. The symptoms began when you were at rest and woke you from your sleep. Based on the Interqual guideline (a decision based program to determine medical need) criteria to for acute coronary syndrome the clinical guidelines were not met because troponins were negative, there was no diagnostic testing such as a stress test, or documentation of ischemia in the clinical information that was submitted.
Hypercholesterolemia is the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a waxy fat-like substance and is a major class of lipid, so it gets into the blood by lipoproteins [1]. A high level of lipoproteins is unhealthy. A high level can result in an elevated risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease [2]. The high levels of lipoproteins are often influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors such as obesity or dieting habits [2]. High cholesterol can be caused by mutations in the following genes: APOB, LDLR, LDLRAP1, and PCSK9 [3]. Mutations in the LDLR gene are responsible for causing familial hypercholesterolemia, which is the most commonly seen form of inherited high cholesterol [3]. The LDLR gene contains instructions for making LDL receptors or low-density lipoprotein receptors. LDL receptors play critical roles in regulating levels of cholesterol in the blood by removing low-density lipoproteins from the bloodstream. Mutations in the LDLR gene can make the amount of LDL receptors produced less than normal or affect their job of removing the low-density lipoproteins in the blood [4]. People who have these mutations will have higher levels of cholesterol. There are many ways that the environment can affect the levels of cholesterol in the blood. Reducing the amount of dietary fat you consume lowers the total amount of cholesterol in the blood [5]. Sucrose and fructose can raise the amount of LDL in the blood. Reducing fatty foods will however lower the amount of LDL [5]. Having a healthy body and maintaining physical exercise plays a key role in keeping your cholesterol at a healthy level. If you are overweight or obese you can lower your cholesterol levels by simply losing ...
CAD is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the worldwide. The prevalence of biological and metabolic risk factors were also found to be high in development of coronary artery disease. Patients with hypercholesterolemia are at increased risk to experience cardiovascular events and to die from vascular disease [2]. .Statins, among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide, are cholesterol let downing agents used to manage cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases and to treat hypercholesterolemia. Statin’s therapy ...
This assignment is a case study that aims to explore the biospychosocial impacts of a myocardial infarction on a service user. It will focus on the interventions used by healthcare professionals throughout the patient’s journey to recovery. To abide by the NMC’s code of conduct (2015) which states that all nurses owe a duty of confidentiality to all those who are receiving care, the service user used in this case study will be referred to as Julie. Julie is a 67 year old lady who was rushed to her local accident and emergency following an episode of acute chest pain and was suspected to have suffered from a myocardial infarction. Julie who lives alone reported she had been experiencing shortness of breath and
Some other types of arthritis that can be remedied by omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondytlitis. In addition, it can also prevent heart diseases, diabetes and treat depression. They are also highly concentrated on the brain purposely to improve the cognitive function. Most babies who never got enough omega-3 while in their mother’s wombs are characterized by poor eyesight and nerve problems.
The primary concern for Mr. Miller would be preventing further ischemia and necrosis of the myocardial tissues, preventing serious complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias and heart failure, as well as relieving his chest pain that radiates to his left arm. Preventing further ischemia and necrosis of the myocardial tissue will help prevent the development of heart failure due to myocardial infarction, whereas relieving his pain will help reduce his episodes of shortness of breath, and will also help to reduce any anxiety and restlessness he may be having from being in pain and short of breath.
Coronary heart disease or coronary artery disease affects 16.8 million people in the United States and causes more than 607,000 deaths annually (Lemone, chap.30). It is caused by atherosclerosis which is the accumulation of fatty deposits in the arteries causing impaired blood flow to the myocardium. CAD or coronary artery syndrome is usually without symptoms but may induce heart attack, angina and acute coronary syndrome if not properly treated. There are many risk factors associated with CAD like obesity, high cholesterol diet, hereditary, physical inactivity, just to name a few. Patients with CAD may be unable to identify and manage their risks factors. It is imperative for nurses to educate the patient about CAD and measures to enhance their health.
Current dietary recommendations emphasize increasing the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables from diverse sources such as citrus fruits, cruciferous vegetables, and green and yellow vegetables (Heber, 2002). A healthy diet along with proper life style such as regular physical activity can prevent the majority of cardiovascular disease.
Thompson, P. D., Buchner, D., Pina, I. L., Balady, G. J., Williams, M. A., Marcus, B. H., ... Wenger, N. K. (2003). Exercise in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology. Journal of the American Heart Association, 3110-3116. http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000075572.40158.77
The Omega-3's are widely recognized for their role in heart health. Not only do these fatty acids help healthy hearts, they also benefit those with cardiovascular disease. Research has proved atherosclerotic plaque reduces with consistent consumption of omega-3's. Further, incidences of irregular heartbeats decline with these fatty acids; high blood pressure has been known to slightly drops as well.
When one or several lipids combine with proteins this forms lipoproteins, these transport fat throughout the bloodstream. High-density lipoproteins, also known as HDL, carry fat away from body cells, therefore preventing its growth in the artery walls. Low-Density Lipoproteins, also known as LDL, contain a high amount of cholesterol and seem to help the build up of fatty materials in the artery walls. The situation that you should go for would be high HDL and low LDL levels. Your goal should be to keep your overall cholesterol at below 200, with LDL lower than 40, and your HDL should be at around 160. This will lower the risk of heart disease and other related problems with cholesterol.
A low fat heart healthy diet is my idea of the best nutritional diet, especially since heart disease is the number one killer among people in the United States. Cardiovascular disease is very prevalent in my family. I lost both, paternal and maternal grandparents to heart disease. My father has severe heart disease, and my mother and brother are both hypertensive and require medication; therefore, I know I’m especially vulnerable to this disease.
Build up like atherosclerosis is also similar to Coronary Heart disease, which is a common term for the build up of plague in the hearts arteries ("Coronary Artery Disease - Coronary Heart Disease" 1). Hearing about these conditions is alarming to many individuals and makes them want to avoid cardiovascular disease at all costs, but like many people would think, eliminating saturated fat from their diet is not the right
Cardiovascular health, including heart disease, is one such aspect positively affected by vegetarian diets. Heart disease is a widespread problem, so extensive that it is the number one cause of death in America. A major cause of heart disease is hardening of the arteries, also called atherosclerosis. This occurs when plaque from high fat or high cholesterol diets builds up on the inside of arteries causing increased strain on the heart, and blood clots if the plaque breaks from the artery wall. Atherosclerosis is also the most common cause of heart attacks. Vegetarian diets have shown to be effective at preventing heart problems, because they tend to be lower in fat and cholesterol, leading to less buildup on the artery walls. “Cardiovascular risk (CVR) is significantly decreased among vegetarians because of a diet high in ...