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The Byzantine Empire and the early Muslim kingdoms
The Byzantine Empire and the early Muslim kingdoms
The Byzantine Empire and the early Muslim kingdoms
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Two of the most powerful powers in the post-classical period were the Arabian and Byzantine empires. Each had different political, religious, and economic differences that defined their respective cultures, and managing to create vast empires that greatly rivaled each other.
The political structure of the Arabian and Byzantine empires greatly differed from each other. The Arabian empire was ruled over by a Caliphate. The Caliphate was the successor to the great prophet Muhammad. Politically, the Caliphate sometimes caused trouble for the stability of the empire. With multiple groups such as the Umayyad and the Abbasid believing the were in charge of the Caliphate led to conflicts and violence. An example of conflict would be towards the end of the Abbasid empire when the death of Harun al-Rashid brought several full scale revolutions. Another example would be at the beginning of Abbasid empire when they went as far as too kill off all of the remaining Umayyad leaders to sustain full control with little to no interference. Politically, the Arab/Muslim empire stretched from India and the Middle East into the Africa, the Mediterranean, and Iberia. They also had a large influence in Southeast Asia. When they conquered these areas, there was no forced conversion. On the other hand, they did enforce a higher tax for non-Muslims which prompted people to convert. Only later were there violently forced conversions. A testimony to this would be when the Muslims invaded India and did not touch the Buddhist or Hindus already there. They even respected the Hindu leadership and allowed them to continue. The Muslim empire was successful in other parts of the world due to tolerance, and continued to operate in the face of power struggles.
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...nt population, supplied goods to support the empire through agriculture and taxes. The bureaucracy controlled trade and food prices. These price were constantly kept low to keep the common people happy as an attempt to avoid uprisings. Large trading routes were established between Asia, Russia, and Scandinavia. These trade routes allowed them to export luxury goods such as cloth, carpets, and spices. They also imported goods from other nations such as silk. The Merchants never gained much government power due to the elaborate make up of the government, and greatly resembled that of China.
As you can see, the Byzantine and Arab empires had many characteristics that came to define them. Whether it was through their religious beliefs, political structure, or economy, each was able to create a vast, long lasting empire which came to define the post-classical period.
The Byzantine Empire is distinct because they stress education which results in them doing better in other areas like trade,law,and skills like architecture. The Romans will always be another stepping stone for the Byzantine. The Byzantines found a way to reinvent all the Roman's failures and turn them into successes. For example, Rome has the Twelve Tables that nobody remembers , then the Byzantine make Justinian's law based on The Twelve Tables and fix it up some then it becomes a legendary piece of work that passes down from generation to generation. The discovery of Byzantine is due to the fall of Rome, but it did not prosper and build itself up because of the roman empire. All the things the Byzantine do is on their own account and not because of the superiority Romans had over
Doc. of the. A) This displays that the Byzantine Empire heavily influenced how the world turns out today, and if the Arabs had the power of the Byzantine Empire, civilization would mostly be Muslim.
Three Muslim empires rose during the spread of Islam. These empires are different, yet also similar. They are the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals. They united other Muslims but also conquered other territories to form their own empires.
For example, the spread of Islam to the Byzantines and the Persians. The other caliphs (Umar, Uthman and Ali) expanded the Islamic empire rapidly and grew faster than any other religion. The Muslims conquered a massive amount of land from the Indus River, across North Africa and into Spain. There were many factors that helped Islam succeed; for example, people would rather fight for God and their salvation instead of fighting for a king, the use of military force by the Muslims and how easy it was to convert to Islam.
...ti-colored and multi-raced people, which was something that almost none of the other ancient empires had. It was a peaceful empire and was admired by many people. It had amazing acheivements in goverment, military and communication. It was the largest empire in the Ancient World and was an amazing empire, for the 250 years it lasted. The Persian Empire will be remembered as the largest empire in the ancient world and the most tolerant.
As in terms of economics, China grew prosperous through trade, military expansion, invention of tools and other means of convenience and through the market economy. From the Han Dynasty China began to build again. The Sui Dynasty constructed the Grand Canal. The Grand Canal was an artificial canal that extended 1,240 miles. It enabled merchants and farmers to travel by water, selling an abundance of rice and other crops. This canal was extremely expensive but throughout the years paid itself off by providing travel routes north and south of China. The Sui Dynasty also built palaces, granarie...
The Ottoman Empire were Muslims and included Hungary, Syria, Egypt, Bulgaria, and Albania, and they marched on land. The Ottoman Empire is said to have first appeared somewhere around the 1300’s, and can be related to the decline of the Byzantine Empire. They began conquering Christian lands and by the late 1600’s all Christians were afraid of the “terrible Turk”. It is no wonder that many other people were afraid of the Ottoman Empire since they seem to be really rather powerful and they conquered a lot of land. It was in the 1330’s when the Morroccan Abu Abdallah Ibn Battuta passed through Constantinople and became impressed with the Ottomans who seemed to be gaining power rather quickly, he noticed that they had close to 100 forts and
There are many common themes between the great empires of the past. The commonality that allowed these empires to prosper is the development of agriculture. People need to be fed and being able to grow enough food to feed the inhabitants of a city, as well as having excess that could be traded with others, allowed groups of people and civilization to grow and thrive. Creating canals for irrigation and domesticating animals allowed farmers to grow enough crops for food and trade. The domesticated animals also allowed trade routes over land which created wealth for cities and merchants. Writing was also an important trait among these empires. The ability to write down laws and punishments, and also keep track of trades and commerce, allowed these
The Post Classical Era was a period of time that ranged from 600 BCE through 1450 BCE. This era followed the decline of the great empires but later on served as guidance for Christian and Muslim empires. The Post Classical Era was filled with fluctuation causing numerous people to seek stability through political, social and religious duties. During this time period it was extremely difficult for the people especially the Muslims and Christians; therefore, they searched for rulers to uphold their empires. From an analytical perspective based on The Ideal Muslim King by Shaikh Hamadani, and The Life of Charlemagne by Christians and Muslims did share similar duties in different aspects to create a foundation and to guide their people.
The Muslim Empire began to expand vastly under the Umayyads, with the empire becoming so large many people were converting to Islam religion. The Umayyads were the second of the four major caliphates after the death of Muhammad. The Empire used many different ways to spread the Islamic civilization consisting of war, classes, and appeal. The Islamic civilization spread so strongly because of the way it allured the common man.
I chose the Mughal Empire and the Safavid Empire mainly because they practiced different forms of the Islamic religion. Like the Mughal Empire, most Muslims are Sunnis. The conflict between Sunnis and Shiites began after the Prophet Muhammad’s death. Sunnis wanted the followers of the religion to choose his successor. They chose a man named Abu Bakr. The Shiites wanted a member of the Prophet Muhammad’s family to be his successor. They chose a man named Ali who was Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law. Unlike most Muslim Empires, the Safavid Empire was Shiite. As you will see in this essay, despite their differences over whom should assume power
Two important, mighty Asian empires in history are the Ottoman Empire and the Ming China. These two empires are in totally different areas of Asia – the Ottomans were in the very west, the Chinese were in the oriental east. Therefore, these two empires, naturally, formed completely different cultures. However, surprisingly, these empires had many parts in common as well. The Ottoman Empire and the Ming Dynasty had both many different and distinct parts, as well as many similarities.
To start there are their similarities. The biggest similarity of the two is that both empires survived into the 20th century while their other contemporaries did not. Secondly the two empires were alike in their strong armies. Their armies which were made strong most notably by their rulers, the Russian Peter the Great and the Ottoman Suleiman the Magnificent, and a further but related
Both types of empires can be beneficial in many ways. This assumption can be made because both help form the concept of written laws and the cultivation of new arts, sciences, and technologies. This assumption can be made because this helps modern day society develop by learning from their culture and
Politics is important to any civilization for the reason that it influences how a civilization governs their people and expands their belief system upon its citizens. Both Byzantine and Islamic civilization had used politics in a manner that provided them the success accomplished during their expansion throughout Europe. The Byzantine Empire was a form of an autocratic government that was governed by one ruler at a time, known as an emperor. The emperor had made most of the decisions that pushed the Byzantine regime forward. The Islamic civilization governed its people under one ruler known as a caliph. The caliph had the position as a leader of an Islamic community. The caliph had used Islam to promote his authority over the community and across wider fields. Muhammad used tribal methods of jihad, referred to “holy war”, to expand its authority of the movement. Both ...