This information is in response to your request regarding Chantix as an ideal method for smoking withdrawal for your 54-year old female patient with Patient ID# 122014. Her medical profile shows that she has type II diabetes, hypertension, and major depression. I noticed that you replaced her lisinopril with olmesartan due to her dry cough in order to reduce her dry cough side effect. Additionaly, she has been taking fluoxetine since December 2004 to treat her long-term depression. She is also working on her diet and lifestyle changes where she significantly lost weight. I also realize that she treats herself a glass of wine with dinner and is down to smoking one pack per day. Your patient shows a strong desire to quit smoking, and Chantix is a viable option for her.
Medline was used to identify primary sources for the safety of Chantix associated with long-term depression. Five relevant articles were determined using the keywords “psychiatric” and “Chantix”. Lexicomp and Facts & Comparison eAnswers were used to find dosages and drug-interactions and adverse reaction based Chantix associated with her current medications and other lifestyle behavior.
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Black Box Warning regarding serious neuropsychiatric events including depression, suicidal thoughts, and suicide.1,2 In addition, Chantix have no known drug interactions with her medications with metformin, olmesartan, and fluoxetine. However, Chantix may enhance the toxic effect of alcohol and stimulated neuropsychiatric effects.3,4 Although, a primary literature reported Chantix to significantly decrease alcohol consumption for smokers and has also reported low results of depression.5 Another recent literature showed the incidence of psychiatric disorder did not change for patients that took Chantix or
Lieberman, J. A. (2003). History of the use of antidepressants in primary care. Primary care
Thank you for referring Ransley Mascurine, a 55 year-old gentleman who currently works as a counsellor and is also an avid body builder. Ransley is a non-smoker and of late, has been consuming alcohol two to three standard drinks each evening. The only regular medication is Lipitor.
A 38-year-old single woman, Gracie, was referred for treatment of depressed mood. She spoke of being stressed out due to conflicts at work, and took a bunch of unknown pills. She reported feeling a little depressed prior to this event following having ovarian surgery and other glandular medical problems. She appeared mildly anxious and agitated. She is frequently tearful, but says she does not have any significant sleep or appetite disturbance. She does, however, endorse occasional suicidal ideation, but no perceptual disturbances and her thoughts are logical and goal-directed.
Treating depressive and bipolar disorders with antidepressants remains a popular option in clinical practice. Most clinicians choose the drug or class of drugs, usually selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRI's, that is most effective and best tolerated with fewer severe side effects. These drugs are beneficial because they specifically target serotonin-based areas of the brain without affecting other neurotransmitter systems. SSRI's largely replaced tricyclic antidepressants which work by blocking the absorption (reuptake) of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, thereby increasing the levels of these two neurotransmitters in the brain. Tricyclic antidepressants present severe side effects and thus are usually only used when other treatments have failed. If SSRI's or tricyclics are not effective Monoamine oxidase inhibitors may be prescribed. MAOI's, enhance tyramine to increase norepinephrine and serotonin. While taking MAOI's you must abstain from foods and alcohol that contain tyramine such as, yogurt, aged cheese, and substances such as cold medications. This is because a potential toxic reaction could occur. Additionally, other antidepressants may be utilized such as Wellbutrin (bupropion) an NDRI-
Over 17 million Americans suffer from an alcohol abuse disorder, most of which is alcoholism. (NIH, 2014) It is reported that over 15% of those 17 million people never seek treatment for their disorder. Those who do find themselves faced with the task of beating their alcohol abuse disorder are faced with many options as far as treatment goes. One of the most medically controversial is Disulfiram (Antabuse). This medication reacts negatively with alcohol and will send the person’s body into a state of turmoil to hopefully combat their severe drinking problem. As every medication does, Antabuse has its few problems here and there, but overall, this treatment seems to be an extremely effective way to rid those of alcohol abuse disorders.
United States. National Institute of Mental Health. “Mental Health Medications.” 2008. Health and Education. Web. 16 Nov. 2013
In summary, Laurence’s article sanctioning ketamine as a cure for depression is an interesting and well-written article, however, it could give people the wrong idea about ketamine. There is a rapidly increasing interest in the discovery of drugs targeting glutamate neurotransmitter in the brain, as a hope to rapidly treat treatment-resistant patients (Duman & Ronald, 2013). While the mentioned studies in the article and this essay have given insight into ketamine’s antidepressant effects, this is still something that needs to be researched further as a lot of unresolved problems are still around with ketamine. Furthermore, the potential side effects of ketamine, including bladder and kidney damage, hepatotoxicity and psychological effects still require extreme consideration.
- If all of the options were explored, and patient is given antibiotics and is treated without any pain or suffering than the treatment identifies with the ethnical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, and veracity. In turn, Mrs. Dawson will be happy with the outcome of the procedure.
Antidepressants are FDA approved drugs given to patients to alleviate symptoms, most commonly anxiety and depression. There are many people who are skeptical about the use of these drugs and if they really work as a benefit toward the people taking them. There are many pros to taking the medications, but there are also cons. This is why users of these drugs have to be aware of the side effects in order to get the full use of the medicine. Research shows that the benefits of antidepressants outweigh the negative long term effects, but only if they are taken in moderation.
This paper will outline the background of Zolpidem; going through the history of the drug. The drugs path of movement through the body or the pharmacokinetics will also be explained. The process of absorption, distribution, and inactivation will be covered in the pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics of the drug will be covered; explaining the sites of action and the areas of the brain that are affected by the drug. The potential for tolerance and dependence to be developed will also be examined. The level of toxicity of Zolpidem along with the potential side effects. The drug’s effectiveness as a form of psychotherapy will also be analyzed.
NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health). (2008). Nimh - mental health medications. Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/mental-health-medications/complete-index.shtml
Being presented with the problems in the implementation of the SAP ERP system, it is evident that Novartis Pharmaceuticals requires a comprehensive action plan that resolves key issues and the underlying problem. Refer to Exhibit A for a graphical representation of the action plan.
Antidepressant are a form of pharmacotherapy treatment developed to treat the symptoms of major depression. Antidepressants are used for many other types of conditions including anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, dysthymia, eating disorders, sleeping disorders, and substance abuse, pain syndromes, gastrointestional disorders. Antidepressants usually require several weeks to notice significant effects. There are no antidepressants or any medication that is completely free of adverse effects. This article explains that the adverse effects of antidepressant can decrease compliance and slow down the rate of recovery. It is important for one to take note of potential side-effects before choosing the best antidepressant to suit their personalized needs. Statistics show that about 28 percent of patients sto...
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and worldwide (Centers for Disease Control, 2013, World Health Organization, 2008). Tobacco cessation counseling is a vital component of any public health strategy seeking to decrease mortality, disease and costs associated with smoking. To that end, the Healthy People 2020 Tobacco Use Objectives cover three main areas: reducing tobacco use, instituting health system changes, and creating social and environmental changes (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013). Objective TU-10 falls under the category of health system changes as it seeks to open doors for patients to make quit attempts and to pursue tobacco cessation methods by increasing tobacco cessation counseling by physicians and other health care providers.
The patient still suffers from anxiety and has been taking the Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor - Fluoxetine 20mg (BNF 2014: 251-254) once daily since his last visit and the patient reports very low motivation due to a recent separation a...