Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Easy of cervical cancer
Easy of cervical cancer
Extended essay on cervical cancer
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Easy of cervical cancer
There are many issues with women and their health, one of them is cancer. The two most common cancers for women are Brest cancer and Cervical cancer. More than half a million women die from Brest cancer or Cervical cancer, most of this death are of women with low to middle income. Women are also affected by reproductive health problems; one third to be specific.
The underlying purpose of the experiments performed in the study, Promoter Hypermethylation of KLF4 Inactivates its Tumor Suppressor Function in Cervical Carcinogenesis, is to investigate the mechanism by which the KLF4 gene is silenced in cervical carcinomas. Cervical cancer accounts for 250,000 female deaths every year. Developing therapies for cervical cancer has been limited due to the lack of genetic and epigenetic data of the mechanism causing the cancer. The KLF4 gene is a transcriptional regulator of cell growth and differentiation. It functions as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer, but is found to be inactivated in cervical cancer. The overexpression of KLF4 protein is known to inhibit cervical cancer cell growth and tumor formation by activating a cell cycle suppressor. Promoter CpG island hypermethylation can result in transcriptional silencing of many tumor suppressing genes. Two CpG regions, BSQ1 and BSQ3, were examined in this experiment.
In this series of patients there were four cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, four cases of the major or minor salivary glands and three tongue carcinomas. Diagnosis of head and neck cancer during the pregnancy had an impact on gestation of delivery with the majority delivered preterm to accommodate further treatment intervention. One patient had a termination of pregnancy to undergo treatment. However all infants recovered well and there were no maternal deaths (need to confirm). Diagnosis and management of cancer prior to pregnancy did not appear to result in any adverse consequences.
At this point in time, scientists and doctors have yet to discover the specific causes for breast cancer. However, what is known are the different risk factors that may trigger or put women more at danger of acquiring this disease. Aged women who have experienced menopause are more vulnerable at containing this disease. Women are also more at risk if breast cancer is common within their family because it is hereditary. In addition, smoking and drinking are other factors that can put women at risk as well (Stephan, 2010). Obesity in particular is a huge risk factor. Women who are overweight, especially those who have a thicker upper body, are more likely to develop malignant cancers in the breast than a healthy woman (Vona-Davis and Rose, 2009).
World wide, it is estimated that cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women with an estimated 530,000 new cases in 2012 representing 7.5% of all female cancer deaths.(Foran et al 2015)
Breast Cancer is a disease that can sometime lead to ovarian cancer and has caused a lot of women’s death. “About five to ten percent of breast cancer cases are thought to be hereditary, meaning that they result from gene defects called mutations inherited from a parent”. Related Risks early menstruation, oral contraceptives and child bearing 20 percent. (1)An environmental risk is that toxins can damage breast DNA. Over time damaged DNA can lead to cancer. Your risk of developing breast cancer increases as you get older. “1 of 8 breast cancer are found when women are younger than 45. 2 of 3 breast cancer are found in women age 55 years or older 75 percent greater chance”.(1) Breast Cancer can lead Peutz Jeghers syndrome the effects of Peutz Jeghgers is spots on your lips and in their mouths. Women with no children or who had a child after age 30 have slightly higher breast cancer risk. “Screening for breast cancer is early diagnosis increases chance of survival and annual mammogram after age 40”. Women who took Diethylstilbestrol while pregnant could have a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer. Birth control peals also cause higher risks 40 to 50 percent for breast cancer risk calms down after they have stopped taking them.(1) Using combined hormone therapy after menopause increase the risk of getting breast cancer , it also increase women chances of dying from it. If you are over weight or obese after menopause greatly increase breast cancer risk 20 percent. Drinking alcohol can cause a major effect for you to start developing breast cancer the risk increase the more you drink. Tobacco smoke, Night work, Antiperspirants, Bras and Induced abortion. Breast cancer takes a lot of toll on women and men of all races and...
For science, HPV is the Human Papillomavirus. For YOU, HPV is the Human Protection Vaccine!
According to Cancer.org, cancer is the generic name for over a hundred diseases. There are cancers for literally every part of the body. Cancer starts by abnormal cells growing out of control. Usually, if the cancer is caught earlier in the stages, it is treatable and a person would have a good chance at surviving. Unfortunately, if the cancer is untreated for a longer duration of time, the survival rate dwindles. There are types of this abnormal cell growth that can be potentially more fatal than others. There is an astonishing amount of different cancers to delve in to. The chance of survival depends on the type, as well as the amount of time it has gone untreated.
Cancer has become a very common illness worldwide for any age, but mostly affecting adults. One can get cancer from different places in the body, that is why there are so many people with cancer, because of all the different types. Cancer can affect any gender, female or male, and any age. It varies from ovarian cancer to prostate cancer, skin cancer to lukemia. Cancer has been a problem for many years, yet we have not found a cure to treat and prevent cancer.
There are many risks that come along with having an abortion that the patient learns about before having the operation ("Abortion"). Cancer is one of the risks. Women with a history if one abortion face 2.3 times higher risk of getting cervical cancer and when the woman has had two or more abortions, the risk rises to 4.92 times. These increased cancer rates for post-abortion may be linked to the disruption of the hormonal changes or stress on the immune system ("Abortion"). Another risk is uterine perforation, in which two to three percent of all abortion patients suffer from, though most go undiagnosed. Damage to the uterus can lead to different problems later in life with pregnancies that can cause fetal malformation, prenatal death, and excessive bleeding during labor ("Abortion").
Cancer is a disease that affects many different parts of the body and a various number of people. When it comes to women, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer they may encounter. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that rises up from the cell within the breast. There are a vast number of risk factors, sign and symptoms and treatment that go along with breast cancer.
Breast Cancer is defined as “a group of solid tumor malignancies arising in the tissues of the breast” (Sarah Crawford, Richard Alder, 2013) in human and other mammals. It can happen to both men and women. For women, breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. According to National Cancer Institute, in the United States, the 2014 estimated new cases and deaths of female from breast cancer are 232,670 and 40,000, respectively. For male, it’s 430 deaths out of 2,360 new cases. From these numbers, we can see that women in the U.S. are greatly affected by breast cancer, thus, it’s not difficult to imagine the impact on a worldwide level. Although these numbers look frightening, people can actually survive from breast cancer if it is detected early and treated properly, so it is extremely important for all of us, especially women, to have a better understanding of breast cancer.
Ovarian Cancer is a disease of uncontrollably dividing cancer cells in the ovary. Being one of the most devastating diseases to have, along with a limited number of treatment opportunities, it may feel like there has been a time stamp put on your life. With that said, there are four different types of ovarian cancer: epithelial tumors, germ cell carcinoma tumors, stromal carcinoma tumors, and small cell carcinoma of the ovary. Epithelium cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in women in the United States, killing approximately 140,000 women yearly.
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world (Breast). Every three minutes a woman is diagnosed: one in eight women will have breast cancer (Walgreens, 2011; Chen, 2010). “I have to admit, like so many women, I always knew there was a chance. But like so many women, I never thought it would be me. I never thought I'd hear those devastating words: 'You have breast cancer.' “- Debbie Wasserman Schultz, a democratic representative of Florida (2011).
Studies have shown that in the United States alone, around 192,370 new cases of breast cancer will occur in one year. An estimated 40,170 women die from breast cancer each year. Breast cancer also affects men, 1,910 men will be diagnosed and 440 men will die of breast cancer. This year, one in eight women will be affected by breast cancer (Who Gets Breast Cancer).
Uterine cancer is an important women health problem developing rapidly, killing over 200,000 women each year. No one has discovered the actual cause, but there is a leading factor that has great suspicions to what is causing this cancer to grow rapidly.