As a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) it is a part of my duty to develop my knowledge and provide advanced clinical and diagnostic skills during patient treatment thus enhancing the holistic patient outcome.
For the purpose of this essay I intend to critically discuss the treatment pathways and experiences of all women below 25 years of age diagnosed with cervical cancer.
This client group will be explored, focusing on how to improve care during treatment and symptom management thus improving patient outcomes.
Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer after breast cancer in the under 35 age group. ( Bedford 2009)
In 2003 there were 24,105 new cases of carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix uteri in the UK. 91% cases were registered
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World wide, it is estimated that cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in women with an estimated 530,000 new cases in 2012 representing 7.5% of all female cancer deaths.(Foran et al 2015)
Sexually transmitted infection (STI) is acknowledged as a sporadic cause of cervical cancer.The aetiological association is restricted to the family of the human papillomaviruses (HPV's) (Bosch et al, 2008).
HPV DNA can be identified in 99.7% of all cervical cancers, with HPV types 16, 18, 45 and 31 being the most frequent. (Bosch et al 2005)
A revised guideline has been published by NHSCSP for cervical screening in 2004.The recommendation is to increase the age initiation of cervical screening from 20 to 25 years.
According to Nair et al (2007), the incidence of cervical smear abnormalities is high in women under age 25. However many of these abnormalities will regress before the age of 25.Concerns have been raised whether the delay in the onset of cervical screening could have resulted in a poorer outcome and early detection if screening is offered to young women below aged
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The aspiration of conceiving after the treatment is very promising to those women with small localised invasive cervical cancer. Numerous women nowadays are postponing childbearing and fertility preservation has turn out to be a major deliberation.
According to Jeffries 2002, the holistic care of a patient encompassing her physical, psychological, social, spiritual and sexual needs is the aim of all nurses and health care professionals.
Macmillan Cancer Support is one of the organisation that offers support from the time a woman has been diagnosed with cancer and all throughout her cancer journey. But most importantly we need to consider the experiences and the journey of these women who has been diagnosed of cervical cancer.How they and their families coped with this fatal disease.The impact on thei
The nurse needs to be able to deal with different emotions and offer support to the patients, as well as being able to use evidence-based practice to influence their clinical decision-making skills (Bedford,S 2009).
The role of the nurse is vital in disseminating information about cervical screening and accurate information about HPV vaccination. Encouraging women to practice healthy lifestyle and advocating safer sex empowers young women to be cautious with their sexual
At that point, more than 15,000 women were dying each year from cervical cancer. The Pap smear had the potential to decrease that death rate by 70 percent or more, but there were two things standing in its way: first, many women- like Henrietta-simply didn’t get the test; and, second, even when they did, few doctors knew how to interpret the results accurately, because they didn’t know what the various stages of cervical cancer looked like under a microscope. (29)
Cervical cancer tissues and normal cervical tissues were collected from 24 newly diagnosed patients with primary cervical cancer, in order to perform the experiments outlined in the paper. Experiments were also performed on the following human cervical carcinoma cell lines: HeLa, SiHa, C33A, and CaSki, which were purchased from a company. The researchers extracted the genomic DNA from the samples collected. The DNA was then bisulfite modified and amplified using PCR. The PCR product was then examined through gel electrophoresis to insure a single band was obtained, and then sequenced by Invitrogen. Methylation-specific PCR was then carried out of the bisulfate-treated DNA. This was done to check the consistency of the ...
What is the human papillomavirus (HPV)? According to the US government’s National Cancer Institute, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a collection of more than one hundred viruses, many types having the ability to grow tumors or polyps that are malignant and others benign. Certain of the viruses are capable of forming genital warts. The HPVs that cause the common warts on hands and feet are different from those that cause growth in the throat or genital area (Human Papillomavirus). Professors Joe Cummins and Dr. Mae-Wan Ho inform us that some types are associated with cancer, and are called “high risk” HPVs. Of the more than one hundred types of HPVs, over thirty can be passed on through sexual contact. Most HPV infections occur without any symptoms and go away without treatment over the course of a few years. However, HPV infection sometimes persists for many years, with or without causing detectable cell abnormalities. Infection from “High risk” types of HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. Pap smears have also led to earlier detection of these infections. Nearly all women who are sexually active will have HPV inf...
The Information gathered in 2012 from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studies concluded that cervical cancer, “... used to be the leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States” (“Cervical Cancer Statistics”). But these statistics have gone down significantly in the past forty years because Planned Parenthood facilities provide to women pap smears to detect cell changes before the cancer develops. On the other hand, Planned Parenthood does not directly provide mammograms for women, their doctors and nurses “... teach patients about breast care, [and] connect patients to resources to help them get mammograms” ("Breast Cancer Screenings"). The important health care work done by the Planned Parenthood Clinics is, at times, over sought and even forgotten when the organization is embroiled in controversy as it finds itself in
We are not only responsible for patient care, but we are also included in many other roles. Before nursing school, I thought that the main responsibility of the nurse is to take care of patient. During nursing school, I learned that patient care was not the nurses known just for. We took many general courses and nursing course work to prepare ourselves to be an educated member. For example, it was required to us to take microbiology, anatomy, leadership, professionalisms, etc to help us to become a better nurse and have a foundation base of education. We give patient care in the hospital, but we are also provider of care. We use the nursing process to help and make decision for our patient. Our decisions are based on critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and accountability. We are hold accountable for everything we do and based on our judgment to provide care to the best of patient’s benefit. We are also known for our role as a manager, designer, and coordinator of patient care. I plan and coordinate patient’s care based on their health care needs. In clinical, my patient has a Foley catheter, I will know to plan and implement Foley care to help with personal hygiene and preventing infections. It is important to make decisions based on priorities, time, and resources. As nurses, we need to know how to delegate and ask for assistance when needed. For example, I needed help to ambulate my patient who has a total knee replacement, I then ask
Cervical cancer is formed in the tissues of the cervix, an organ that connects the uterus and the vagina. Virtually all cervical cancers are caused by Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections (Schiffman et. al., 2007). HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. According to the CDC, 75% of sexually active people aged 15-49 have the infection at some point in their lives. (CDC). Because HPV infection is usually asymptomatic, infected people do not know exactly when they get the infection. In most cases, the body is able to fight off the virus before any symptom. However, health problems such as genital warts and cancer may result with persistent exposure to HPV.
Holistic nursing provides a personal, caring, and respectful relationship between the nurse and the patient. Holistic nursing has concepts that allows the patient to feel like their values and opinions are heard and respected. This field of nursing focuses on open communication, alternative treatment as well as comprehensive care. All three of these components are attracting patients to get care in this field, when today’s health care is increasing becoming impersonalized. Holistic care is growing
The implications of becoming aware that you have been afflicted with this disease may extend far beyond just a physical condition. Learning that you have cancer can significantly affect a person’s mental, and emotional health. This could cause tension in social relationships, finances, or other lifestyle choices. Becoming more anxious or depressed can considerable hinder a person’s ability to make rational decisions when it concerns their well being. For these reasons, it is crucial for one to seek professional help for all aspects of their lives when they become aware of any serious changes. Although ovarian cancer is an especially detrimental disease, it does not necessarily mean one’s quality of life must be affected; and the stigma of receiving mental/physical help should never inhibit a person’s ability to live a happy and healthy life.
As a nurse, it is important to address the needs of a patient during care. These needs are unique to each individual and personalizing it, enable the patients to feel truly cared about. It is important to be educated about these needs as the patients and their families look to you as a guide; therefore, education on things w...
My philosophy is based on my personal values and beliefs as it relates to the body of work in nursing. The practice of nursing not only involves applying knowledge but the ability to differentiate the needs of the client and being empathetic to their needs. Hence, the importance of holistic nursing and not only being for the client but for the clients family as well. Holistic nursing is defined as “all nursin...
Routine screening of all asymptomatic sexually active teens has been attempted but has not worked out. The reason is that the cost of such a screening program is prohibitively high and students and teenagers are often paranoid about their privacy and unwilling to participate (Llata et al, 2015). For over a decade, the rates of STDs in adolescents and teenagers have been rising in almost every city in the US. Thus, now researchers are asking two questions: 1) what is causing this rise in STDs? and 2) What can one do to counter it? In order to answer these two questions it is impor...
Stoate, H. G. (1989). Can health screening damage your health? J Roy Co11 Gen Practitioners; 39:193-195.
Uterine cancer is an important women health problem developing rapidly, killing over 200,000 women each year. No one has discovered the actual cause, but there is a leading factor that has great suspicions to what is causing this cancer to grow rapidly.
...with others families who have experienced the same ordeal and share what they have learned about coping with cancer and the many side effects of treatment. Overall cancer is a disease that can change a person’s world completely. For many it comes as a surprise because no one expects to get cancer. This diagnosis can bring on so many mixed emotions from anger to depression. That is why a strong support system is the best medicine for these patients emotionally. With uterine cancer, early diagnosis is the key, but so many women often deny signs and symptoms passing it off for nothing. As women we must understand that it is very important to maintain good health and get regular yearly physicals. For those who have a family history of cancer it is very important to start getting testing as early as possible. Early detection is the key to preventing and treating cancer.
Cronin, H., Duggan, E., O'tuathaigh, C. and Doran, K. (2013) Attitudes of General Practitioners to Prescribing Contraception to Minors - A Medico-Legal Review. Medico-Legal Journal of Ireland [online], 19 pp. 28-33. Available at: http://login.westlaw.ie.ezproxy.wit.ie:2048/maf/wlie/app/document?&srguid=ia744cc64000001450ea3b61054c0346f&docguid=I0C630E0741C1444E8B5A4451F62D10C7&hitguid=I0C630E0741C1444E8B5A4451F62D10C7&rank=2&spos=2&epos=2&td=7&crumb-action=append&context=9&resolvein=true [Accessed: 29 Mar 2014].