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Effects of technology on the criminal justice system
Significance of forensic science
Crime and its effects p 1
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Specifically, crime shows have given us, the TV audience as a whole, scripts or an expectation of what will/should happen in a variety of situations. It leads people to think about what is appropriate and what isn’t in terms of how the results of these situations play out. For example, in the CSI franchise, as the plot unfolds in each episode, it takes forensic evidence, such as DNA or fingerprints, to convict the villain. Before the technological breakthroughs made in the fields of biology and forensics, juries relied more on circumstantial evidence, and eyewitness accounts to prove someone was guilty. This is just one example of how crime shows have changed the general representations of what is the “correct” way to solve a crime.
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Since its debute, Kimberlianne Podlas discusses how “CSI has been attributed with causing a rash of unjustified acquittals, exerting on trials what is called the CSI Effect.” This refers to how CSI influences or impacts a jury’s interpretation of a case. She goes on to say that, “Even though forensic evidence is prevalent on CSI, it is a factor in only a small portion of real-life cases.” Additionally, “many of the techniques shown on CSI do not exist, and this has led “forensic scientists to complain of the near infallibility of forensic science after watching a few episodes of CSI.” The CSI Effect has caused these viewers of the program, who have gone onto become jurors, to expect the presentation of forensic evidence in order to prove their cases, and without it, they are unlikely to reach a guilty verdict. This has led prosecutors to expect the need to present forensic evidence as a prerequisite to conviction. Even with eyewitnesses and other findings to offset this lack of forensic evidence, many unjustified acquittals have resulted from this mindset as jurors do not believe a case can be proven beyond reasonable
...the public opinion of government trustworthiness. Studies have not been able to clearly define if the CSI effect has had an actual influence on the outcome of trials. However surveys indicate many possible jurors believe they are more knowledgeable about criminology after watching the shows. CSI viewers may become more knowledgeable about forensic science and investigation processes but that knowledge does not affect the outcome of the criminal justice process.
Crime is a common public issue for people living in the inner city, but is not limited to only urban or highly populated cities as it can undoubtedly happen in small community and rural areas as well. In The Real CSI, the documentary exemplified many way in which experts used forensic science as evidence in trial cases to argue and to prove whether a person is innocent or guilty. In this paper, I explained the difference in fingerprinting technology depicted between television shows and in reality, how DNA technology change the way forensics evidence is used in the court proceedings, and how forensic evidence can be misused in the United States adversarial legal system.
Criminal Justice School Guide (CJSG). "The CSI Effect- Do TV Series Skew Our Perceptions of Forensic
Therefore, the criminal justice system relies on other nonscientific means that are not accepted or clear. Many of forensic methods have implemented in research when looking for evidence, but the methods that are not scientific and have little or anything to do with science. The result of false evidence by other means leads to false testimony by a forensic analyst. Another issue with forensic errors is that it is a challenge to find a defense expert (Giannelli, 2011). Defense experts are required to help the defense attorneys defend and breakdown all of the doubts in the prosecutors scientific findings in criminal cases. Scientific information is integral in a criminal prosecution, and a defense attorney needs to have an expert to assist he/she in discrediting the prosecution (Giannelli,
Enquiring about their individual perceptions of juries who demonstrated indications of a CSI Effect influence (Heinrick, 2009) and concluded that 38% suspected that at least one of “their trials had resulted in an acquittal or hung jury because forensic evidence wasn’t available though they believed the case to be strong enough for a conviction.” (MCAO Survey, cited in McDonald, A. 2008) Furthermore, the prosecutors surveyed acknowledged altering the process of jury selection before trial and obtaining jurors that are easily persuaded due to their belief in the reality of CSI-based programs. (McDonald, A. 2008) Subsequently, both the government and the justice system are expressing concern regarding the implications of the CSI Effect. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has published a video on the topic while the Maricopa County, Phoenix attorney and prosecutor of the County called upon television networks to amend program credits to reflect their fictional status due to their “real-life impact on justice”.
Forensic science is considered to be the backbone of various mystery stories that include tales of Sherlock Holmes, Dupin adventures, Quincy television series and wild forensic shows representing the thoughts and perceptions of this modern day context. At the backdrop of forensic science, the documentary named Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) evolved as a communally constructed phenomenon as well as a media effect, which minimizes the gap persisting between the perceptions of the public towards any event and reality of the same. The influence of CSI, as an impressive piece of drama/thriller TV series is believed to have quantifiable effects on courtroom behaviors, which is also subjected to debate. Allegedly, the depiction of the various programs,
Television has affected every aspect of life in society, radically changing the way individuals live and interact with the world. However, change is not always for the better, especially the influence of television on political campaigns towards presidency. Since the 1960s, presidential elections in the United States were greatly impacted by television, yet the impact has not been positive. Television allowed the public to have more access to information and gained reassurance to which candidate they chose to vote for. However, the media failed to recognize the importance of elections. Candidates became image based rather than issue based using a “celebrity system” to concern the public with subjects regarding debates (Hart and Trice). Due to “hyperfamiliarity” television turned numerous people away from being interested in debates between candidates (Hart and Trice). Although television had the ability to reach a greater number of people than it did before the Nixon/Kennedy debate, it shortened the attention span of the public, which made the overall process of elections unfair, due to the emphasis on image rather than issue.
In their articles, Maltzman and Sigelman, as well as Hill and Hurley, explored the connection between a representative speech giving in Washington as a means of representing their constituency. The advent and permeation of mass media and connectivity to political events into American society raises the question of whether or not representatives can use their media presence to represent their constituency? Social media and news access provide representatives with an outlet to express empathy, demographic identification, and policy platform. Has the ability of a representative to broadcast their symbolic representation and policy through mass media significantly change the representational strategies of modern representatives from the strategies of their predecessors? The opportunity to connect with a constituency through mass media could provide a representative with the privilege of representing from Washington without the need to connect at home to the same degree as their predecessors.
“According to one 2006 weekly Nielsen rating, 30 million people watched CSI on one night, 70 million people watched at least one of the three CSI shows, and over 40 million watched two other forensic dramas.” (Shelton, 2008) Crime TV shows have become extremely popular, 7 of the top 10 TV shoes of 2013 where crime investigation genre shows.
The media has created the representation that criminal procedures contemplate juries and forensic science. The CSI-Effect was created through the evolution of the popular crime dramas CSI, NCIS, Bones, Law and Order, and Criminal Minds. The false of perception through these hit TV-shows are the result for the increase of criminal crime and criminal justice careers. It has been proven that people from the younger age have been the most influenced by these shows. These shows have been oversimplified, exaggerated, and glamorized which lead into a negative effect in society. The CSI Effect has been defined in three major ways. The first definition expresses that CSI makes irrational expectations on the part of jurors, making it harder for prosecutors
The PSSAs are tested that the whole state takes, they are mostly taken in April. The PSSA stands for Pennsylvania System School Assessment. They are for grades 3-8. The point of the test is to show what you know. Most people think that they are hard, they are not that hard if you prepare for them.
Roane, Kit R. “The CSI Effect: On TV, It's All slam-dunk evidence evidence and Quick
in Houck). Jurors who are influenced by the CSI Effect tend to have biased opinions because CSI shows are the basis for their knowledge. Rather than simply acknowledging courtroom expectations by deliberating based on only the facts presented in the courtroom, jurors are asking for more evidence than that is provided or necessary because jurors are comparing forensic evidence used to convict on television to real life cases. Thus, jurors are not impartial to the case because they have a prenotion of what information they require to convict, such as fingerprints in burglaries and blood analysis in murder cases. Smith et all reports that viewers of CSI-type shows and other similar shows have “inflated perceptions of accuracy, reliability, and usefulness of forensic evidence (but not ‘nonscientific’ evidence)” (qtd. in Stinson et all). As CSI-type shows emphasize the collection, analysis, and presentation of forensic evidence during court proceedings more so than other types of
High profile cases, flawless police work, and only the most up to date technology, these traits every reality crime show such as CSI or Criminal Minds portray. While it is no surprise that this type of television show is among the most popular, the viewers are beginning to develop a skewed perspective of forensics in the real world. This new mindset is changing more than just the way people perceive science. The misunderstanding of science and technology has begun to lead to issues in the courtroom in real criminal trials. Jurors influenced by the appearance of perfect investigative science are demanding extensive testing that is unnecessary and extremely costly. Reality crime shows heighten juror expectations and force law enforcement officers
“Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.” – Albert Einstein