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Nervous and muscular system
Quizlet nervous system
Central nervous system chapter 12
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The Nervous System consists of two major divisions which are the central nervous system and he peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consist of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system is made up of all the nerves that connect the CNS to every organ and area of the body. The brain is like a machine that controls the body’s functions, and the nervous system is like a computer that relays messages to parts of the body. The brain controls how we think, feel, learn, and remember. It also functions in allowing us to digest our food, move, talk and many others ways. When we receive messages from our brain, it tells us how to react. For example, if I accidentally fell and scrapped my knee, the nerves in my brain …show more content…
Global aphasia is the most severe, and occurs when patients who comprehend a few recognizable words, understand little or no spoken language, and can neither read nor write. Broca’s aphasia also known as non – fluent aphasia is distorted speech and difficulty forming grammatical sentences in writing, but have normal comprehension. Patients may also experience frustration or speak in short sentences. Another aphasia known as Wernicke’s aphasia which is fluent aphasia is the form to grasp meaning of words when others speak, that brings damage to the middle left side of the brain. Other symptoms of Wernicke’s include not being unable to not realize that others can’t understand you or use language …show more content…
A CT or MRI scan may help to find the location of the damage of the brain. The doctor may screen the patient for a brain injury or stroke. He or she may test the patient to follow commands, name objects, begin conversation, answer questions, and write words. Treatment may be optional but depends on the severity of the patient. A speech- language pathogist may also work with activities to improve language skills that were affected by the brain. He or she may also help the person return to work or school, if needed. Certain drugs may also help such as, Namenda and Piracetam can improve the blood flow to the brain, to enhance the brain’s recovery. To improve treatment research is still needed before being recommended. Ways to communicate with someone with aphasia includes, get the persons attention, maintaining eye contact, body language, minimize background noise, simply communication, engage in normal activities, and use “yes” or “no” questions other open-ended questions.
Many diseases or conditions may not be curable, but have options to be prevented. Aphasia may be prevented if the patient stops smoking, no alcohol consumption, exercise daily, maintain a healthy diet, control blood pressure, get help for atrial fibrillation if needed, and get medical care if signs of a stroke
We talked about Wernickes aphasia also known as fluent aphasia which causes comprehension difficulties. For example, people can talk in sentences that do not have any meaning and say words that don't make any sense. We also talked about Brocas aphasia also known as non-fluent aphasia which causes people to have a hard time with direction and prepositions. People with Brocas aphasia have trouble using connecting words for their sentences and understanding the order of the words in a...
There is no cure for ALS at this time and treatment is focused on management of the symptoms, involving a combination of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech, respiratory, and nutritional therapies. Moderate exercise may help maintain muscle strength and function. Drugs can also treat excessive saliva and drooling, and speech therapy can help compensate for loss of muscular control of the mouth. As the disease progresses and muscular degeneration spreads throughout the body, various devices may provide support, such as ankle braces, neck collars, reclining chairs, wheelchairs, and hospital beds. Respiratory support and feeding tubes are required when the person loses cont...
According to the World Health Organization, 795,000 Americans suffer a stroke each year and of the survivors, twenty-five to forty percent will acquire aphasia. The National Aphasia Association defines aphasia as “an impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read or write.” Many of these people suffering from aphasia will undergo therapy at some point in time. Several approaches have been proven effective in lessening the symptoms of aphasia. A recent topic of interest over the last two decades has been the role that intensity plays in aphasia therapy. Several studies have been done to evaluate language outcomes for patients undergoing intensive versus non-intensive aphasia therapy, as well as to identify the specific intensive therapies that are effective. One such type of therapy is the Constraint-Induced Language Therapy (CILT). Another topic of interest in the aphasia community is regarding the “window of recovery” for those suffering from aphasia. It was commonly believed that language recovery from aphasia plateaus off within the first year following a stroke (Pedersen et al., 1995); however, new evidence suggests that when an intensive therapy such as CILT is implemented, results can be seen many years later. The present paper will investigate the role that intensity plays in aphasia therapy, take a closer look at CILT versus other approaches, and evaluate current research regarding the “window of recovery” in patients with aphasia.
Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that disrupts communication and it can deteriorate a person’s coping potential and quality of life (Parr, 2001) which involve damage to the parts of brain that contain language (ASHA, 2013). Statistics from United States indicated around 25-40% of stroke survivors developed aphasia (National Association of Aphasia, NAA, 2013). Aphasia will affect both the ability to produce or comprehend spoken language and written language while intelligence is left intact (NAA, 2013). In US, it is found that the most common cause of aphasia is stroke (85%) and others including Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), brain tumor or other degenerative diseases (NAA, 2013).
The onset of aphasia is extremely quick. It usually is found in people who have no former history of speech or language problems. The lesion leaves the affected area of the brain unable to function as it did only moments before (Owens 203).Wernicke’s aphasia is caused by damage to Wernicke’s area which can result from head injury, brain tumors, infections, dementia, or the most common cause, stroke. A posterior stroke that is isolated to Wernicke’s area does not result in total weakness of the arm and leg on the opposite ...
One major reason ALS is such a frightening disease is because no cure has been established. Although no effective treatment has been developed, a number of drug trials have been conducted, and there are some devices designed to help ALS patients maintain independence as well as safety as the disease progresses.
A myth about Alzheimer disease says that nothing can be done about the disease. This is not true. Much can be done to assist the person with Alzheimer’s disease to maintain the highest possible level of functioning as long as possible and in providing the highest quality of life.
The human nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, CNS, is just the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system, PNS, includes the nerves and neurons that extend outwards from the CNS, to transmit information to your limbs and organs, for example. Communication between your cells is extremely important, neurons are the messengers that relay information to and from your brain. Nerve cells generate electrical signals to transmit information.
In physiological terms, Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia occur in the left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for controlling the right side of the body along with speech and language abilities. Broca's aphasia affects the frontal lobe adjacent to the primary motor cortex, and Wernicke's aphasia affects the posterior portion of the first frontal lobe (3). A general distinction made between the two disorders are that Broca's aphasia limits speech, while Wernicke's aphasia limits comprehension.
Communication is a simple process and known by everyone as it is an inborn activity. Yet, there are people suffering from language disorder, who cannot deliver speech normally. Therefore, especially for nurses, it is important for us to learn different communication skills to talk with different people.
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The brain doesn't just control your organs, but also can think and remember. That part of the brain is called the mind.
In this world, humans and animals alike have come to communicate by using various mechanisms. Humans have advanced themselves beyond other organisms by using language, or a set of codes and symbols, in order to express themselves to others. Language has brought about a means to create new thoughts, to explore, and to analyze our everyday surroundings. It has also enabled us to retain past memories and to look deep into the advances for the future. However, for some individuals, this tool for communication has been plagued by a language and speech disorders, such as aphasia. Aphasia is the loss of the ability to speak or understand speech or written language. It is often detected at an early age, and contributes to the general class of speech and language disorders affecting "5% of school aged children" (1) . Aphasia is classified into three categories. The main two are receptive or sensory aphasia and expressive or motor aphasia. Receptive aphasia affects the input side and "the ability to understand spoken or written language may be partially or totally lost" (1) . Those with expressive aphasia "can speak but not find certain words or names, or may be totally unable to communicate verbally or by writing" (1) . For a majority of affected individuals, there is a combination of the two. The third type is conduction aphasia. This "involves disruption of transmission between the sensory and motor ends of the circuit" (1) . Here, individuals are able to produce speech despite the lack of connections to the input side. It seems that the ability to speak has a lot to do with your surroundings and how much emphasis was placed on developing this skill during the first few years after birth. Afterall, it's known that the first few years are critical because this is the time when the brain is "plastic" and is rapidly changing and being molded. By the time that adolescence is reached, the brain has become "less plastic". In this paper, I would like to explore theories proposed to try to understand the origins of this impairment.
The nervous system is composed of all nerve tissue in the body. This organ system forms a communication and coordination network between all parts of the body. It plays a major role in everyday activities such as breathing, walking even blinking. It is made up of nerve tissues to receive and transmit stimuli to nervous centers and initiate response. Neurons are nerve cells that transmit signals from one location of the body to another. With damage to the nervous system the body would not be able to function properly. The body has to be well taken care of in order to insure proper regulation. The two anatomical divisions that work hand in hand to help regulate the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous system. According to the Campbell’s seventh edition biology book the nervous system is the most intricately organized data processing system on earth. It is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells.
Nervous system is one of the major organ systems that is responsible for the coordination of biological activities inside the body through cells called neurons. It is composed of the brain and spinal cord which are surrounded by protective layers of bone and membrane tissues called meninges. There are two major divisions in the nervous system; first one is the central nervous system (CNS) and the other being the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and retina while the PNS includes the sensory neurons, ganglia, and connecting neurons. The nervous system applies control using nerves; almost as if sending a message by a telephone. The nervous system is fast due to its electrical nature. The nerve cells in this system are connected with each other in a complex manner where the neural pathways would be possible. Neural
The nervous system’s main function is to coordinate all of the activities in the body. The main organs are the cerebellum, which controls and coordinates movement. The cerebrum, is the center for conscious thought, learning, and memory. The last main organ is the brain stem. The brain stem keeps the automatic systems in your body working. Problems of the nervous system include, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, and multiple sclerosis. You can care for your nervous system by wearing a seatbelt, wearing a helmet, and by not using drugs or alcohol. Something very confusing about the nervous system is that the left side of human brain controls the right side of the body and the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body!