According to the World Health Organization, 795,000 Americans suffer a stroke each year and of the survivors, twenty-five to forty percent will acquire aphasia. The National Aphasia Association defines aphasia as “an impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read or write.” Many of these people suffering from aphasia will undergo therapy at some point in time. Several approaches have been proven effective in lessening the symptoms of aphasia. A recent topic of interest over the last two decades has been the role that intensity plays in aphasia therapy. Several studies have been done to evaluate language outcomes for patients undergoing intensive versus non-intensive aphasia therapy, as well as to identify the specific intensive therapies that are effective. One such type of therapy is the Constraint-Induced Language Therapy (CILT). Another topic of interest in the aphasia community is regarding the “window of recovery” for those suffering from aphasia. It was commonly believed that language recovery from aphasia plateaus off within the first year following a stroke (Pedersen et al., 1995); however, new evidence suggests that when an intensive therapy such as CILT is implemented, results can be seen many years later. The present paper will investigate the role that intensity plays in aphasia therapy, take a closer look at CILT versus other approaches, and evaluate current research regarding the “window of recovery” in patients with aphasia.
...’s aphasia there’s the Wernicke’s aphasia is when you ask a person a question and they respond with a sentence that is more or less grammatical, but contains words that have little to do with the questions or, for the matter, with each other. People with this type of aphasia have difficulty naming things, often then responding with words that sound similar, or names of related thing, it’s as if they are having an absolutely hard time with their mental “dictionaries.” (http://webspace.ship.edu).
Aphasia can be defined as a disorder that is caused by damage to parts of the brain that are responsible for language (“Aphasia” n.p.). Wernicke’s aphasia is a type of fluent aphasia (with the other type being nonfluent). It is named after Carl Wernicke who described the disorder as “an amnesiac disorder characterized by fluent but disordered speech, with a similar disorder in writing, and impaired understanding of oral speech and reading” (“Wernicke’s” n.p.). Wernicke’s aphasia can also be known as sensory aphasia, fluent aphasia, or receptive aphasia. It is a type of aphasia that is caused by damage to Wernicke’s area in the brain, in the posterior part of the temporal lobe of the left hemisphere. This area of the brain contains motor neurons responsible for the understanding of spoken language and is believed to be the receptive language center (“Rogers” n.p.). Wernicke’s aphasia can be most efficiently defined as a fluent language disorder commonly caused by strokes and characterized by difficulty comprehending spoken language and producing meaningful speech and writing which is both assessable by an SLP and treatable by a variety of methods.
...e Fluent in Their Speech.” Perspectives on Diseases and Disorders: Speech Disorders. Ed. Mary Williams Farmington Hills: Gale, 64-69. Print.
Aphasia is present when the patient knoes what he or she wants to say but cannot pronounce it. The patient with sensory aphasia has difficulty understanding language and may articulate words easily but use them inappropriately. (Davi-Ellen Chabner The Language of Medicine 10th edition)
According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2014) aphasia is a neurological disorder that is caused by damage a certain part of the brain that is responsible for language. This signs of this disorder primarily include difficulty in speaking or expressing oneself, difficulty understanding spoken language, and difficulty with reading and witting. Aphasia is most common among adults who have suffered from a stroke, a brain tumor, head injury, infection, or dementia that has damaged the brain. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders claims that there are an estimated one million people in the United States who are suffering from aphasia. Depending on the severity and the damage to a certain part of the brain will determine which type of aphasia the subject has. Aphasia can be broken down into four categories, (1) expressive aphasia, also known as Broca’s Aphasia, is when the subject has difficulty expressing his/her thoughts through writing and speech. The subject knows what he/she wants to say, but can not express themselves accordingly; (2) Receptive aphasia, also known as Wernicke’s Aphasia, a subject with this type of aphasia has difficulty understanding spoken language or written language. They can hear and see clearly, they just can not make any sense out of what they hear and see; (3) another kind of aphasia, is amnesia aphasia, which is considered to be the least severe aphasia, is when the subject has difficulty using the correct names for persons, places, events, or certain objects; (4) the last in the category of aphasias, is Global Aphasia, which is the result of a severe and wide areas of areas of the brain that are involved in producing language. Those who suffer from Global Aphasia...
Dyslexia can be developmental or it can be acquired. If it is developmental, it is caused by genetic anomalies in the brain. If the condition is ac...
Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that disrupts communication and it can deteriorate a person’s coping potential and quality of life (Parr, 2001) which involve damage to the parts of brain that contain language (ASHA, 2013). Statistics from United States indicated around 25-40% of stroke survivors developed aphasia (National Association of Aphasia, NAA, 2013). Aphasia will affect both the ability to produce or comprehend spoken language and written language while intelligence is left intact (NAA, 2013). In US, it is found that the most common cause of aphasia is stroke (85%) and others including Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), brain tumor or other degenerative diseases (NAA, 2013).
According to ASHA, more than 2 million people in the United States have a severe communication disorder that impairs their ability to talk. This problem may be short or long term, and may be congenital (present at birth), acquired (occurring later in late), or degenerative (worsening throughout life). Some disorders could be from lack of oxygen at during the birth process, premature birth, genetic disorders, Cerebral Palsy while others may be caused by aTraumatic Brain Injury, or degenerative diseases.
Dyslexia is a learning disability affecting peoples pronunciation, reading, and writing. There are three different types of dyslexia; acquired, developmental, and primary. Not all forms of dyslexia are genetic, but the majority of most people with dyslexia inherited it.
Dyslexia is a disability that has many different facets that are unique to each individual, partially due to the varying degrees of severity; however, there are many common symptoms and characteristics of this disability that allow for classification. According to Campbell’s Psychiatric Dictionary (2009), “Dyslexia is manifested by an
"Master of Science in Speech-Language Pathology (2-Year Program).” College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College. Boston University.
When talking about Wernicke’s aphasia there are also many language symptoms. Those suffering from Wernicke’s aphasia have no problem with speech, but their speech isn’t fluent and doesn’t make sense (DiNapoli, 2012, p.52). Mr. Gorgan experienced psychotic speech (DiNapoli, 2012, p. 53). If the lesion that caused this aphasia wasn’t entirely eliminated, output might slowly improve. On the other hand, if this lesion has been eliminated, the patient will more than likely not be able to talk like they once did ever again, no matter how much therapy they receive or treatment (DiNapoli, 2012, p. 54). When Grogan was told to identify objects around him, he was only successful with those most familiar to him (DiNapoli, 2012, p. 55).
There are many different language delays and disorders found in the pediatric population. Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is one of the most common of these disorders. Dr. Libby Kumin defines CAS as “a motor speech disorder where children have difficulty planning, coordinating, producing and sequencing speech sounds” (Kumin, n.d.). Apraxia does not occur because of weakness or paralysis of facial and oral muscles. It occurs when a child’s brain cannot properly plan the movement of body parts necessary for normal speech production (“Childhood Apraxia,” 2011). Though CAS is the most common name for this specific disorder, it is also referred to as a variety of other names. Some of these names include: dyspraxia, developmental apraxia, pediatric verbal apraxia, or just apraxia (Kumin, n.d.).