Cancer, one of the most petrifying diagnoses one can hear. Cancer is one of the most researched diseases known to man, but cancer is still causing mass amounts of death due to its mysterious biological nature. When it comes to treating cancer, there is a multitude of options available. Many of these options can cause extremely harmful side effects that can leave a person physically, mentally, and emotionally drained. One of these treatment options is not a new idea, but it has been recently causing mass breakthroughs in the cancer research field. This treatment is called immunotherapy and it has the possibility of being one of the best treatment options for cancer of any kind. Immunotherapy falls under the biological branch of science called …show more content…
With treatment styles like CAR T-cell therapy, the main focus is on liquid based cancer like ALL, although they can be used for solid tumors in some rare cases. This does not mean that immunotherapy is subject to just treating cancers of the blood. In fact, immunotherapy is changing the way that breast cancer is being treated, even though breast cancer is a solid tumor based cancer. This is incredible news because breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis for women around the world. Unfortunately, breast cancer is so common that it also is the second highest cause of death due to cancer for women, causing approximately 520,000 deaths worldwide in 2012 (Emens). Luckily there is some light shining through on the topic of breast cancer. As of 2016, there are seven immunotherapy treatments in the clinical trial phase for breast cancer. The current clinical trials focus on therapeutic vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors/immune modulators, adoptive cell transfer, oncolytic virus therapies, antibodies, and adjuvant immunotherapies (Emens). All of these treatments are still in the clinical trial phase. The fact that immunotherapy could one day help to cure one of the most deadly cancers is
Further research on this alternative model could lead to therapies that not only target the properties of the primary tumor but also those of the secondary tumor and save many from the burden of fighting cancer again.
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. 1990. Unconventional Cancer Treatments, OTA-H-405. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Cancer is a disease in which cells multiply out of control and gradually build a mass of tissue called a tumor. There has been a large amount of research dedicated to the treatment and cure of cancer. Several types of treatments have been developed. The following are just some of the major examples of cancer therapy: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biologic therapy, biorhythms, unconventional treatments, and hyperthermia. Each type of treatment is discussed in detail below.
...y may be another area of research that may enhance anti-tumor activity. Creating better antibodies, like rituximab and others we are able to better target the tumor cell. There are many targets on our bodies immune cells and by being able to locate them specifically and boost the immune system in order for it to work better than it already can proves to be beneficial and harnessing this power can lead to a dramatic impact on the way we treat cancer. Maintaining and preserving patients quality of life and looking for lifelong cure is what scientists are looking for. Improving the efficacy of these immunotherapy treatments can lead to significant breakthroughs including longterm remission and being able to treat patients with cancer that is hard to treat. I look forward and can't wait to see the advances that will be made in this field or research in the near future.
The purpose of this paper is to describe the diagnosis and staging of cancer, complications of cancer, the side effects of the cancer treatment, and methods to lessen the physical and psychological effects of cancer.
...gens are exogenous (outside the cell) and will be presented to helper T cells to initiate an immune response. This can trigger cytotoxic T cells to kill cancer cells with the same antigen – often HPV viral proteins in cervical cancer. T cells may not be activated to their full potential – recall that the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 on T cells sends a stronger signal than CD28, the activating receptor. Ipilimumab is added to treatment for this reason. It will work in conjunction with the released antigens, activating the T cells that can respond to the antigens and create an immune response against the cancer cells (LACC article). Adding ipilimumab to the chemo/radiation treatment would enhance the immune system’s ability to respond to the antigen released by the treatment. This is the first time a treatment like this has been suggested for cervical cancer (LACC).
Almost everyone is touched by cancer in some way and the number of people living with and beyond cancer grows greater every year. Globally 14 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year and 8 million people will die from it annually. Half of all men and one-third of all women will develop cancer during their lifetime. (13) There are many treatments for cancer, mainly: surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. These traditional treatments have many negative side effects. Therefore, increasingly, other treatments, such as hormonal therapy and targeted therapy are being used for certain cancers. Nanotechnology is a form of targeted therapy that destroys cancer tumors with minimal damage to healthy tissues and organs. Scientists are already using nanotechnology in early detection of elimination of cancer cells before they form tumors. But the real game changer will be when nanotechnology targets cancer tumors in treatment (11,13).
Breast cancer is a disease that is frightening and can be harmful to many people, however as more time passes more is known. The thirty percent decrease in death due to breast cancer is tremendous and it is just a start. By understanding the prevention, treatment, symptoms breast cancer is a disease that can be beat.
The subject over whether or not children should get vaccinated has been an on-going topic for years. It is starting to cause many arguments concerning the benefits and/or disadvantages of vaccinations. Some parents believe that vaccines can cause complications to children’s health while others believe that it benefits the child. This has been a huge, controversial debate for parents and researchers.
Breast Cancer is defined as “a group of solid tumor malignancies arising in the tissues of the breast” (Sarah Crawford, Richard Alder, 2013) in human and other mammals. It can happen to both men and women. For women, breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. According to National Cancer Institute, in the United States, the 2014 estimated new cases and deaths of female from breast cancer are 232,670 and 40,000, respectively. For male, it’s 430 deaths out of 2,360 new cases. From these numbers, we can see that women in the U.S. are greatly affected by breast cancer, thus, it’s not difficult to imagine the impact on a worldwide level. Although these numbers look frightening, people can actually survive from breast cancer if it is detected early and treated properly, so it is extremely important for all of us, especially women, to have a better understanding of breast cancer.
How would you feel if your child was to catch a deadly disease at school from another student that had not been vaccinated. For many years, vaccinations have been forced unto babies and smaller children to help prevent a future epidemic such as the ones from many centuries ago. Later within the years after vaccinations seem to have been proven effective and slightly popular, they became mandatory for a student to be vaccinated before being able to enroll into a school. Most parents went along with the new rule ,but there were still many parents that strongly disagreed and felt that it violated their liberty to make decisions for their child 's lives. I personally believe that vaccinations should be forced among students for reason such as: combat deadly diseases, suppress
Those who choose against vaccination often do so to avoid risks, however, by choosing not to vaccinate you are taking the much riskier option. Many worry that by being vaccinated, the immune system will weaken, however, this is definitely not the case and the benefit of the vaccination far outweighs any such small risk. After all, being vaccinated does save lives and protects the people you care about, as well as being cost effective and safe. So, in the end the question is, ‘why not get vaccinated?’. First of all, vaccinations save lives and protect the lives of others.
The Anti-Vax Issue According to World Book Advanced Encyclopedia, immunization is defined as the process of protecting the body against disease by means of vaccines or serums (Hinman). While medical science backs up the efficiency and necessity of vaccines, within the past decade, a rise in parents disbelieving the medical community and neglecting to immunize their children has occurred. This “fear of vaccines” is nothing new, but with the ever-increasing safety of vaccines, the benefits of inoculation far outweigh the risks. Parents who refuse to vaccinate, or anti-vaxxers, put more than their children’s lives on the line, but also risk the safety of the whole community. Because vaccines are essential to protecting individuals and communities
Recently the number of parents who are intentionally delaying their children’s general vaccinations is increasing. The controversy that is causing the number of delayed vaccinations to go up is based on the fact that there are negative articles connecting them to autism and other similar diseases. When parents are researching vaccinations and they read those negative articles, those articles make them believe that vaccines cause autism. Vaccines are important because they protect humans from preventable diseases and getting them could save human lives. Vaccines are important throughout life no matter what some research suggests. Parents are now more likely to intentionally delay vaccines because of negative press, even though vaccines
For innumerable centuries, unrelenting strains of disease have ravaged society. From the polio epidemic in the twentieth century to the measles cases in the latter half of the century, such an adverse component of nature has taken the lives of many. In 1796, Edward Jenner discovered that exposure to cowpox could foster immunity against smallpox; through injecting the cowpox into another person’s arm, he founded the revolutionary concept known as a vaccination. While many attribute the eradication of various diseases to vaccines, many United States citizens are progressively beginning to oppose them. Many deludedly thought that Measles had been completely terminated throughout the United States; however, many children have been patronized by