Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Criticism of just war theory
Criticism of just war theory
Criticism of just war theory
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Criticism of just war theory
Throughout history, many people have debated over the ethics of war and peace which lead to the creation of the just war theory. There have been a number of wars in the past and even in today’s world that have been proven to be unjustified by the means of this theory. Any war in my opinion, is hard to justify due to the violence, destructiveness, the nature of humans doing during war, and the impact it has on humans and the world. However, I have chosen to discuss why America’s decision to jump in to World War II was justified and by proving it by using the just war theory, mainly focusing on jus ad bellum.
To understand and to explain the decision for America to enter World War II in 1941 is to take a few steps back to when the war first broke out and why. War broke out in 1939 when Nazi Germany invaded and successfully took over Poland. It was not until two days later that Britain and France declared war on Germany which turned it into World War II. But before explaining that any further, it is important to know what the leading causes were that lead to World War II. Now let’s take a jump back into time to the year of 1919 when World War I ended. World War I officially ended on June 28, 1919 when the Versailles Treaty was signed.
The details of the Versailles Treaty were negotiated and finalized in Paris, France at the Paris Peace Conference. The debate of the treaty open on January 18, 1919 which was mostly controlled by the numbers from the allied powers that participated while Germany was not even invited. However, it was the “big three” who were the most influential in the conference during the development of the treaty. The group that was dubbed the “big three” consisted of Prime Minister David Lloyd of the United King...
... middle of paper ...
...en them and America started to get more involved in the war.
On September 27, 1940, the leaders of Germany, Itlay, and Japan met in Berlin to sign the Tripartite Pact. The Tripartite Pact formed an alliance against the Allie Powers which established the Axis Power. Also it was a warning towards the United States to stop helping England and France. The United States then began “Lend-Lease” which allowed President Roosevelt to send anniumation and other war supplies to England and France. From this discussion, the United States was no longer a neutral nation.
Works Cited
"The Avalon Project : The Versailles Treaty June 28, 1919." The Avalon Project : The Versailles Treaty June 28, 1919. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2014
Crossland, David. "Germany Set to Make Final World War I Reparation Payment." ABC News. ABC News Network, 29 Sept. 2010. Web. 31 Mar. 2014
Autonomy and Responsibility: Why the United States Entered World War II World War II was an exceptional war for the United States. The United States emerged from the war as a world superpower and protector of all other nations. There were many reasons why the United States entered World War II, however President Franklin Roosevelt was in some way directly connected to every reason. Roosevelt wanted to enter World War II as soon as it started for political and economic needs. However, the American people did not want to enter in another war, such as World War I, that costs so many lives and money.
In the beginning of the 1930’s the U.S had no desire to enter another world war or involve themselves in European foreign affairs. The U.S policy of isolationism was extremely popular not only with citizens but with government officials as well. With this being said, what factors could have contributed to the U.S involvement in World War II? . Pearl Harbor was the main factor that led to the U.S involvement in World War II despite the fact that the fact that the overwhelming majority of the country wanted nothing to do with the war in Europe. (Foner 856) “December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.” These were the words spoken by President Franklin D Roosevelt to Congress when asking them to declare war on the Empire of Japan just one day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. That same day, December 8th, 1941, Congress indeed, declared war on the Empire of Japan (Pearl Harbor).
After World War II began in 1939, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt announced the neutrality of the United States. Many people in the United States thought that their country should stay out of the war. The people wanted the Allied Forces to have the victory. President Roosevelt also wanted an Allied victory because an Axis victory might endanger democracies everywhere. The United States equipped nations fighting the Axis with ships, tanks, aircraft, and other war materials. The Axis did not like this. Japan wanted to take over China, but China refused. China was led by Chiang Kai-Shek at the time. Japan wanted the United States to stop sending China supplies, but the United States refused. The United States opposed the expansion of Japan in Asia, so they cut off important exports to Japan.
Jus ad bellum is defined as “justice of war” and is recognized as the ethics leading up to war (Orend 31). Orend contends that an...
World War II played host to some of the most gruesome and largest mass killings in history. From the start of the war in 1939 until the end of the war in 1945 there were three mass killings, by three big countries on those who they thought were lesser peoples. The rape of Nanking, which was carried out by the Japanese, resulted in the deaths of 150,000 to 200,000 Chinese civilians and POW. A more well-known event was of the Germans and the Holocaust. Hitler and the Nazi regime persecuted and killed over 500,000 Jews. This last country may come as a surprise, but there is no way that someone could leave them out of the conversation. With the dropping of the Atomic bombs the United States killed over 200,000, not including deaths by radiation, in the towns of Nagasaki and Hiroshima and ultimately placed the United States in the same group as the Japanese and the Germans. What are the alternatives other than dropping the two A-bombs and was it right? The United States and President Truman should have weighed their opting a little bit more before deciding to drop both atomic bombs on the Islands of Nagasaki and Hiroshima. In the case of dropping the atomic bombs the United States did not make the right decision. This essay will explain through logic reasoning and give detailed reasons as to why the United States did not make the right choice.
The use of the atomic bomb against Japan was completely justified in both cause and impact. An intense weapon was necessary to force a quick Japanese surrender. The bomb saved thousands upon thousands of American and Japanese lives that would have been lost if the war continued or an invasion occurred. The bomb was the only way to end the suffering of the millions who were being held captive by the Japanese oppressor. The weapon of mass destruction also sent a powerful message to the shaky Soviet allies. The choice to use the atomic bomb was justified because it compelled a Japanese surrender, saved countless lives, served as retribution for the sufferings of many people, and acted as an anti-Soviet deterrent.
Hall, Allan. "Germany Ends World War One Reparations after 92 Years with £59m Final Payment." Mail Online. Associated Newspapers Ltd, 29 Sept. 2010. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.
“Never think that war, no matter how necessary, nor how justified, is not a crime.” As depicted in the quote by Ernest Hemingway war is a difficult situation in which the traditional boundaries of moral ethics are tested. History is filled with unjust wars and for centuries war was not though in terms of morality. Saint Augustine, however, offered a theory detailing when war is morally permissible. The theory offers moral justifications for war as expressed in jus ad bellum (conditions for going to war) and in jus in bello (conditions within warfare).The theory places restrictions on the causes of war as well as the actions permitted throughout. Within early Christianity, the theory was used to validate crusades as morally permissible avoiding conflict with religious views. Based on the qualifications of the Just War Theory few wars have been deemed as morally acceptable, but none have notably met all the requirements. Throughout the paper I will apply Just War Theory in terms of World War II as well as other wars that depict the ideals presented by Saint Augustine.
World War II began in 1939 when the German armies decided to invade parts of Europe, therefore causing Europeans to retaliate against the Germans (World War 1). World War II began because those countries which were defeated in World War I (Germany, Italy, and Japan) were greatly devastated by the loss. Their countries were suffering from economical problems and were also left in bad conditions after World War I. They had lost much territory and now were practically in debt for the damages which they had done during the war (1). These countries figured that the only way for them to get out of economic depression and revive their country was to take land from other countries, which was one of the reasons why the war began.
During World War I or the Great War, the Allied Powers fought against the Central Powers, and the United States of America supplied Europe with weapons and technologies. During the beginning of the war, the US engaged in trade and commerce with both alliances. However, as a result of allied blockades and negative public opinion towards the Central Powers, trade with Germany fell to near zero and the destruction of US merchant ships by German U-Boats only worsened trade relations with Germany. Thus, an imbalance of trade with the Allies occurred; as a result, Germany declared its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. At the time, the Allied Powers loaned enormous amounts of money from US banks. With the Allied Powers standing to lose and the destruction of US merchant ships by the Germans, the US had no choice but to enter the war in order to protect foreign investments or stand to never recover the enormous amount money loaned by the Allied Powers. The US chose the former and entered the war, which resulted in the allies’ victory. World War I marked several significant events: the prosperity of the US economy through trade, the entry of the US into the war for economic interests, and the victory of the Allied Powers over the Central Powers.
[4] The United States didn’t initially enter WWII until December 7th, 1941 when America's isolation from war ended as Japan staged a surprise attack on American military installations in the Pacific. The most destructive strike came at Pearl Harbor, the Hawaiian naval base where the majority of the US Pacific Fleet was stationed. For over two hours, Japanese warplanes either sank or damaged 18 warships and destroyed 164 aircrafts. More than 2,400 servicemen and civilians lost their lives. On December 8, 1941 President Franklin D. Roosevelt was quoted saying, “no matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory." Though stunned by the events of December 7, Americans were also determined to avenge the terrorist attack on their country and military. On December 8, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war against Japan. The declaration passed with just one dissenting vote. Three days later, the Axis power, consisting of Germany and Italy allied with Japan, declared war on the United
Paris spring 1919, Europe has just lived through the desolation of the First World War, and the French people embraced the men who had helped them win victory. At the peace conference, that lead to the formation of the treaty of Versailles, the most puissant of the triumphant nations, were represented by the big three: Woodrow Wilson President of the United States of America, Clemenceau the President of France and Lloyd George the Prime Minister of Britain. Europe was “racked by hatred, fear, nationalism and hunger,” (Nicolson 1945, pgx) and it was their mission to recover her stability. Their task was to “reorganize a shattered world” (Ross, 2003), reallocate colonies, and inhibit a war like that from ever happening again. Although arriving
With major instability left behind in Europe after World War 1 followed by a Great Depression, this cleared a dangerous path for another conflict, World War II which would prove even more catastrophic. With an economical and politically struggling Germany, Adolf Hitler and his Nazi’s rearmed their nation and aligned with Japan and Italy to assist in his plans for world domination. Hitler’s invasion of Poland in September 1939 drove Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany, and World War II had begun (history.com, 2009 pg.1). With all this occurring the United States remained neutral in the conflict for the beginning of the war.
The just war theory is described by Thomas Massaro in his book Living Justice as the “principle that warfare might be justified under certain conditions” (108). The complexities involved with international relations makes determining a just war very difficult. Even though historically pacifism hasn’t gained much traction within Catholic circles, it currently is gaining popularity with many mainstream Catholics. With so many differing views on military action, one might ask, “What determines a just war? How can we balance the need for peace with self-defense?” An examination of criteria for a just war and critiques written on this topic might shed light on these two questions.
It has been almost a century since the first Paris Peace Conference was hold, but even until now, it is a popular yet also controversial event in the history of the world. The Paris Peace Conference took place in 1919 involving more than 1,000 representatives from over 30 nations. The results of the Conference are five treaties regarding terms that, according to the Conference, shall prevent any upcoming conflicts among nations. Although World War II started only after 15 years, nonetheless, the treaties did function as a buffer between countries. Although many resolutions were discussed, the negotiation of the Conference revolves around four main topics, reparation from the previous war losses or limitations on the main Central Power, Germany, self-recognition, President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the annexation of land.