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Causes and effects of Down syndrome
Introduction down syndrome
Down syndrome
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Down?s Syndrome, Trisomy 21, or Mongolism is one of the most common causes of mental retardation. The majority of Down?s Syndrome patients have a moderate retardation although it can range from mild to severe. Trisomy 21 occurs in about 1 in 800 live births. This incidence increases markedly as the age of the mother increases over 35. The prevalence in children born to young mothers is 1 in 1000, while it increases to almost 1 in 40 in children born to mothers over 40. Most individuals with Down?s Syndrome have characteristic features such as upward slanted eyes, broad flattened face, short neck, and a prominent tongue. Muscle coordination is often impaired in these individuals, resulting in uncoordinated posture and balance. Congenital heart disease is found in forty percent of these individuals, along with a near twenty fold increase in the risk of kidney malformation, thyroid abnormalities, diabetes, leukemia. Neurological retardation and impaired immune systems render these individuals more susceptible to infection and disease.
In the early l900s, Downs Syndrome patients rarely lived to reach the age of twenty, as they only had a life expectancy of about 10 years. With the advances of modern health care, most individuals, excluding those with irreparable heart damage, live to reach adulthood. Although it is still shorter than normal adults, their life expectancy has increased to about fifty-five.
The disorder was initially described as Mongolism by British physician John Langdon Down. Many theories for the etiology of this condition surfaced, including racial regression, endocrine gland dysfunction, and uterine exhaustion. It was not until the 1930s that Adrian Bleyer hypothesized tha...
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Goodison. Neuronal and Glial Gene Expression in Neocortex of Down?s Syndrome and Alzheimer Disease. Journal of Neurol. and Exp. Neurol., 1993, 52 (3) 192-198.
Hyman, B. T. Down Syndrome and Alzheimer disease. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res., 1992, 379: 123-42.
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Subway, one of the present leaders in the fast food industry was set up in 1965 in Bridgeport, Connecticut by Fred DeLuca. A family friend of him suggested this idea to help him pay for his education to fulfill his dream of becoming a doctor. Dr. Peter Buck, one of Fred’s friends agreed to be his partner with a loan of $1,000. There was a huge growth in the business relationship that changed the landscape of the fast food industry.
“The Yellow Wallpaper” is a short story written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1899. One of the major themes is the cultural perception of women during this time. This short story is semi-autobiographical in the sense that Gilman went to the doctor that is mentioned in the story. She had similar struggles and feelings to the narrator of this story who is facing the controlling nature of her husband. While women of this time were trying to be kept in their private and domestic sphere, it left women feeling hopeless and full of depression. Because of this, Gilman may have been prompted to write this story to help express her feelings and also bring awareness to society about how some women were feeling. Through Gilman’s use of symbols, she is able to convey that women are being suppressed and only want to achieve freedom from their social bondage.
The Subway story started in 1965 in Bridgeport, Connecticut during the summer of 1965. 17 year old Fred DeLuca was trying to earn enough money to pay for his college tuition by working in a hardware store. He wanted a way to add money to his minimum wage salary. He got the solution at a backyard barbecue in a conversation with a family friend, nuclear physicist Dr. Peter Buck. With a $1000 loan from Buck, DeLuca opened Pete's Super Submarine on August 28, 1965. One year later, he opened his second shop so customers would see him expanding and believe that he was successful. In an effort to increase visibility to customers, he shortened the name to Subway and introduced the bright yellow logo. The first Subway franchise opened in Walling...
Suess, Barbara A. "The Writing's On The Wall" Symbolic Orders In 'The Yellow Wallpaper'." Women's Studies 32.1 (2003): 79. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.
Subway has exploded since it opened, which was 1965. There is now more subway restaurants that there is McDonalds. As an employee of subway, I have learned many things. Also I have found out that it may look like it is the easiest job, but sometimes it is not.
Subway belongs to the sandwich and sub store franchise industry which has managed to be eminent for the past five years during the US economic recovery. It stood at fifth place in an industry that averaged some P22 billion total revenues with an annual growth rate of 2.4% for the past 10 years and employed 518,888 people from a total of 26, 740 businesses.
While, Subway restaurants you can find in many different states. I have yet to come across a Subway restaurant with a drive through. Some locations are open 24 hours, which can be very convenient to its customers. All Eegee's locations are closed by ten at night. In Subway
Starting in 1965, When 17 year old Fred DeLuca and Dr. Peter Buck teamed up to open the first subway originally known as “Pete’s Super Submarines” in Bridgeport, Connecticut. At this time the average cost was 49-69 cents and on the first day the team sold 312 sandwiches. The two where known as the Dream Team, in 1966 they decided to open Doctor’s Association Inc. derived from Dr. Buck and the dream that Fred hoped to pay to get his doctorates degree from the sandwich business. Then in 1968 they decided to use the name Subway renaming
The objectives of operations are short term, measurable goals that drive an organization towards the success of achieving its long-term goals. These objectives include: quality, cost, flexibility, and delivery (Schroeder, 2011). In terms of these objectives, Subway seems to be high quality and moderately low cost. Subway retains low unit costs throughout the supply chain by reducing unnecessary deliveries, while minimizing packaging material and shipping material (Subway, 2015). However, inconsistent delivery may be negatively affected by placing too much emphasis on low costs. Several Subway locations continue to operate while understaffed, which means that the consumer’s sub is left waiting to move onto the next step in the assembly line. First, employees need to be cautious of a sandwich left waiting, as it will continue to lose quality the longer that it is stagnant. Second, a customer who has a short lunch break cannot be delayed by a shorthanded business. The inconsistent delivery can result in a negative experience for any potential consumer.
SUBWAY® is the market leader in sub and sandwich shops offering a healthier alternative to traditional fast foods. SUBWAY's® annual sales exceeded $6.3 billion dollars, while countless awards and accolades have been bestowed its chain over the past 40 years. SUBWAY® had 7,825 units worldwide with 7,750 units in North America whilst its rapid growth has attracted many investments and brought it many competitors such as KFC and Burger King. Recent initiatives to attract customers beyond SUBWAY's® traditionally health-conscious consumers should increase the company's share of the fast food market.
However, when examining the average time it takes to receive a return on investment, Subway proves to top the list at roughly 3 years. This makes sense given the average startup cost of $200,000 and an annual profit of $70,000. Subway’s competitors fall behind in this important statistic; while Jimmy John’s is close behind with a 3.1 year ROI, Quiznos franchise owners often never receive a return on their investment. With my proposed location in a college campus, the ROI could come even sooner, because my total investment cost will likely fall below the average of $200,000. It is important to note that there other competitors in the fast food market that can reduce the traffic coming into my Subway location. Chains like Chipotle, McDonald’s, Papa John’s, and Taco Bell are rampant across college campuses, but at the end of the day, none of those places offer a quality sub. While a college student may go to Chipotle one day, the next time he/she will likely opt for variety and choose Subway. In addition, Subway boasts healthier food compared to chains such as McDonald’s and Taco Bell, and while the price point may be steeper, those who are inclined towards their health will likely choose Subway a majority of the time. These considerations make Subway beat out most of its competitors, while the few remaining on par will serve as motivation to continually maintain and improve upon the Subway
One of the most significant difference between the Subway and other Fast-food giants is that the Sandwiches made by subway contains various combination and choices. Not only limited to the freshness, deeper product differentiation has been adopted by the Subway Chains to suit the need of targeted customers. For instance, different recipes such as Steak&cheese, Italian BMT, Chicken Teriyaki, Meatball, Roast Beef, etc, would not make customers feel bored with all the food. Full Size (12 inches) and half Size (6 inches) could be suitable for customers with different needs. Customers who haven’t had their meals would prefer the full size. On the other hand, customers who would like to try some snacks may prefer the half size. Adults are likely
In 1966, Fred and Peter made enough money to open a second store, but they knew it was in a poor location. They found a better location and it was opened till today. Fred continued attending his college while running Subway at the same time. By 1973, he and Buck managed to ha...
Subway was founded in 1965 when Fred DeLuca’s $1.25 per hour job was not cutting it. He asked Dr. Pete Buck, a family friend, for financial advice. When the Pete found out how badly Fred wanted to go to college he thought he would help Fred out. Pete told Fred to open up a submarine sandwich shop and explained to him how it worked. Pete wrote him a check for one thousand dollar and became his partner. Later that year they opened up a submarine shop in Wallingford, Connecticut call “Pete’s Super Submarines”, Fred hoped he would acquire enough money for college. Pete’s Super Submarines changed is name a few years later to Subway; it also began franchising in 1974. Fred DeLuca is still Subway’s president after forty-five years and thirty-five thousand restaurants later.
Pete’s Super Submarines was changed to the current name of Subway in 1974 (www.entrepreneur.com). Fred DeLuca wanted to expand and open more locations, he had a set goal of opening 32 shops with in ten years. By 1974 DeLuca owned and operated sixteen locations around Connecticut. DeLuca was just at the halfway point of his goal of 32 shops in ten years. Time was running short with just less than two years to achieve his targeted goal. DeLuca turned to franchising as an option to increase locations (www.Subway.com).