The adult system’s shifts leaked into the juvenile system, causing an increase in incarcerations even when delinquency rates were declining at the time. Juvenile reform legislations prompted more compulsory sentencing and more determinate sentences for juveniles, lowering of the upper age of juvenile jurisdiction, considerable ease in obtaining waivers to adult court for juvenile prosecution, and made it easier to gain access to juvenile records as well. Furthermore, it led to greater preoccupation with chronic, violent offenders, which in turn led to a redirection of resources for their confinement. Thereby, the absence of reliable criteria for identifying such offenders tends to stereotype all delinquents and is more likely to raise the level of precautionary confinements. These three major shifts in juvenile justice policy demonstrate the power and depth of traditional beliefs about the causes and cures of crimes in U.S. society. It also shows how the system can bend for a time in the direction of new approaches to prevention and control. Today, we are presently in a time of conservative responses where the prevailing views about crime express beliefs about prevention, retribution, and incapacitation that are profoundly rooted in our
Index crimes in 1990 were taking our nation by storm. By far the most widely found index crime was aggravated assault. The UCR shows that for aggravated assault in the U.S. in 1990 there was over 751,407 cases of aggravated assault reported, but there were also more that the UCR didn’t pick (UCR, 23, 1990) up. On the other hand the NCVS in 1990 reported that there was nearly half more then that of the UCR, 901,039 were in fact accounted for according to the NCVS (NCVS, 1, 1990).
In 2008 simple assault arrests for males have decreased by 6%, increased for females by 12%. The rate of simple assault arrests have been declining since 1999. With simple ass...
Between 1992 and 1996 the number of juvenile females arrested for Violent Crime Index offenses increased 25 percent, with no increase in arrests of male juveniles for the same offenses. Juvenile female arrests for Property Crime Index offenses increased 21 percent, while juvenile male arrests in this category decreased 4 percent. Law enforcement a...
Before learning about why juveniles commit homicide, who the juvenile homicide offenders are, and what causes juvenile homicide, it is crucial to understand the basic statistics of juvenile homicide in the United States. According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, in 1993 there was the largest number of juvenile homicide offenders being 14.4 per 100,000 juvenile United States citizens. Since then, the number of juvenile homicide offenders started to decline until it was the lowest in 2004 where it was 77% less than the 1993 peak (still was at 3.2 per 100,000 citizens) (Stastical Briefing Book, 2010). All of this information shows that juveniles are committing homicide but what we need to find out is how to tell who they are, what they are like, and why they do these things and then we can try to re...
Assault in the first degree
Assault is a physical attack on someone without the person’s consent. In most cases, assault is a result of a fight or other dispute that rise to some level of violence. In a mutual fight, the first person to report to the police is usually not charged, and in most cases, the person who did not start the fight is usually charged in Maryland. Assault is a serious case in Maryland and it has a serious penalties, with that, one needs a experienced lawyer who can challenge the evidence and argue that the case does not warrant the penalties so that the charge amount can be reduce or the case might be dismissed. A person is guilty of assault if he or she causes a serious physical damage on the victim.
The problem of juvenile violence has become one of the most overwhelming problems of our time for Texas and for the United States. The problem is spread throughout the United States. The serious crimes are usually thought to be problems of the urban city, but this is no longer a problem just for the inner city. The problem has spread through the suburban areas of the city in cases just like the first example. Citizens are spending tons of money trying to fight the problem on their own. They purchase everything they can to combat crime. Women have mace, cars have alarms, houses have burglar bars and alarms, and many schools have metal detectors to try to control the overwhelming effects of violence (Defending 93). However, these efforts are not enough to overcome the effects of violence, such as man pictured below with an automatic weapon in the streets of his neighborhood (Gest p.29). All jail and court information leads to the outcome that there is a wide diversity of criminals in jail. There is no longer a predictable profile for a juvenile criminal. However, most of the criminals still come from the inner city. Due to a 21% estimated rise in the number of 15 to 19 year olds by the year 2005, the problem will get worse without a better plan. The American juvenile justice system is supposed to be the system that prevents juveniles form committing crimes, but the system was designed over 100 years ago to prevent minor crimes from occurring (LaCoya 12/2/94). The current system in Texas and throughout most of the United States allows juveniles to receive a less severe penalty than an adult who is convicted of the same crime. The current Texas system does not allow juveniles to be prosecuted as an adult until they are eighteen unless...
Children experience a toll of conventional crime victimization, like rape, robbery and assault that are significantly higher than the wide-ranging adult population. They also suffer a extensive burden of victimizations that are explicit to being children such as, homicide, sexual assault, non-family-abductions, child maltreatment, robbery, exposure to family violence, school assaults, abandonment, and emotional abuse. Unfortunately, crimes adjacent to children are very much less likely to come to law enforcement awareness than crimes against adults. Even so, the police see more children in the function of crime victim than in the role of crime offenders. It is paradoxical that crimes committed by kids juvenile criminal behavior – receive considerably more official attention than crimes committed against young adolescents.
* "Juveniles accounted for 19% of all arrests, 14% of murder arrests, and 17% of all violent crime arrests." - (Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 1999)
Statement of Problem
Sexual assault is a global issue, where individuals fall victim every day. Sexual assault does not have; an age, race, sex, religion, or sexual orientation, it has no preference. Since fear has a powerful effect on people can it prevent and individual from reporting a sexual assault. My question is, why do individual not report sexual assaults committed towards them? Individuals may fear that their assault will harm them and retaliate against them for disclosing the incident to anyone may prevent them from reporting the incident.