A Struggle for Acceptance of Gays
"When the dust settles and the pages of history are written, it will not be the
angry defenders of intolerance who have made the difference, that reward will
go to those who dared to step outside the safety of their privacy in order to
expose and rout the prevailing prejudice."
- John Shelby Spong
Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Newark, NJ
November 21, 1996
During World War II and especially the twenty years after brought great
political and social changes to the U.S.. Undoubtedly, one of the major changes
was the new awareness of homosexuality. If this new awareness was to the
advantage or if it was really wanted by the gay and lesbian population is a
question that arises; if they really had a choice in the matter is another. I
think gays' relentless struggle for acceptance into mainstream society came from
the American constitution itself. After all, the gay liberation movement started
in America, the land of the free, where all men are created equal and with an
inalienable right to pursue their own happiness. No one should be able to take
these rights away from anyone. Also, in the 1950s, the civil rights movement
became active and words like desegregation and equal rights for all became
synonymous with the American way of life. Stand up and fight against those who
have done you wrong! This is what gave homosexuals such a conviction to start
fighting for their own cause. This paper will follow the progress of gay and
lesbians in the twentieth century before, during and after World War II. What
was their position in the armed forces during the war and what was government
and military policy during and after the war on gays in the army and in
government positions? How did gay and lesbians respond to the new policies after
the war and why were organizations like the Mattachine Society and the Daughters
of Bilitis founded? On December 7, 1941 at 7:55 a.m. local time, Japan attacked
Pearl Harbor. The Unites States declared war on Japan and was suddenly a
participant in the largest war in the history of mankind. A massive military
force of 12 million men was assembled. American soldiers were sent to Europe and
Japan to participate and win the Big One. The military bureaucracy grew
accordingly and thousands of new jobs were created. With the military's enormous
demand for personnel...
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...os Angeles newspaper in March
1953 linking "sexual deviates" with "security risks" who were banding together
to wield "tremendous political power". The Mattachine Society was restructured,
with a more transparent organization, and its leadership replaced. It also
changed its aims to the assimilation of homosexuals into general society, which
reflected its rejection of the notion of a homosexual minority. However the
Society declined, and at its convention in May 1954 only forty-two members
attended. The Mattachine Society produced the monthly periodical ONE Magazine ,
starting in January 1953 and eventually achieving a circulation of 5000 copies.
The regular publication of the magazine ceased in 1968, but its publisher, ONE
Inc., still exists. In January, 1955 the San Francisco branch of the Mattachine
Society began a more scholarly journal, Mattachine Review , which lasted for ten
years. The periodicals reached previously isolated individuals and helped
Mattachine to become better known nationally. Chapters functioned in a number of
USA cities through the 1960s. However, they failed to adapt to the radical
militantism after the Stonewall Rebellion and faded away.
In the article entitled, “Our Cell Phones Ourselves”, Christine Rosen describes how cell phones have changed the way we communicate. Rosen tells the readers the main purpose for cell phone use in the past, versus present day. Her purpose is to make society aware of how cell phones have influenced our lives in order to inspire change as to how we view our cell phones. Rosen directs her writing to everyone in the present day by describing the negative results of cell phone use and how it impacts our lives and those around us. Without a doubt, cell phones are going to be a part of our world, but it is the responsibility of every cell phone owner to exercise self control and understand that a cell phone is nothing more than a device.
Researchers have found a way to connect sleep with education. Gary Scarpello who wrote "Lack Of Sleep Could Be Trouble For CTE Students” , did a research study with liberty mutual showed that teens had an average of 7.2 hours of sleep on school nights and 33 to 75 % of all students have sleep problems. In the article it had stated that not getting enough sleep can cause impaired hand eyed coordination, reaction time and brief mental lapses. (Scarpello). The same researchers also found out that Sleep helps restores brain functions such as alertness, metabolism, and memory and regulate hormones (Scarpello). Researchers Mary A. Carskardon and A.R. Wolfson studied 3,120 Rhode Island children. They had figured out that college students who slept more than nine hours a night had a gr...
After the eighteen long years of the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy, which limits gays from being open about their sexuality in the military services, was finally brought to its end. President Barack Obama signed the reverse of the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy on December 22, 2010. It was also stated that “The services will no longer separate service members under DADT (U.S. Department of Defense). Nevertheless, homosexuals should have the opportunity to serve in the military because the job had nothing to do with anyone’s sexual orientation.
In the article “Our Cell Phones, Ourselves”by Christine Rosen published by W. W. Norton in 2004, she explains about how technology came about and is now taking over today’s world. Just by walking down the street today, it is visible that in everybody’s hands there is a
Persons with homosexual desires have always been with us, however up to recent times, there has been little if any outreach in the way of support groups or information. Most were left to work out their path to chastity on their own. Many found they were unable to do this and folded to the pressures of the increasingly secular society opting to act on their desires in gay circles. Choosing this direction locked them into a way of life that does not bring benefit to one's existence.
As generations proceeded, institutions such as the American Psychiatric Society began to classify homosexuality as a disease, which was later retracted in the 1970’s and was no longer considered a mental disorder. At this time many homosexuals decided to start “coming out”, a process in which people talk freely about their sexual orientation to family and friends. Then in the1980’s new adversary for the gay community became the forefront of debates worldwide. The AIDS crisis, which seemed to be only contracted in the gay male population, paved the way for brutalizing words such as “queer” that was used to describe all sexual minorities. In the 1990’s where the gay rights movement saw more victories with the United States military instituting the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Policy.” This policy gave homosexuals the right to serve within the military. Then in the year 2000, Vermont became the first state to allow same sex civil unions (Pitas).
(Durmer & Dinges 2005). The average college student is sleeping 6.7 hours during the weekdays and 7.4 hours on weekends. The standard person needs 7.5 and 8 hours per night, which means that students, specifically college and high school, are not receiving the necessary amount of sleep to function properly. Single adults with full-time jobs had greater difficulty falling asleep than those with significant others and without jobs. “An estimated 40 percent of American adults admit that their work suffers when they are sleepy.” In general, no matter the assignment, the cognitive performance becomes progressively worse as the assignment extends. This can be classified as the effect of fatigue when the brain can no longer process any information and has chosen to shut down from loss of sleep. Specifically, college students are reported as to be suffering more than other entities from working odd hours, long studying sessions, excessive eating & drinking habits as well as taking periodic naps whenever they can during the day. In order to earn the necessary grades to stay in college, students have to risk their health in order to finish the assignments
Prior to the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy the United States and its citizens were not very tolerant to openly gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals. Prior to World War II gays were not specifically targeted for exclusion from the military, although sodomy was considered a criminal offense as early as the Revolutionary War. However by the beginning of World War II, the military had shifted focus from excluding acts that were considered homosexual to focusing on members that were considered homosexual. In 1942, the military issued its first regulation that contained a paragraph defining the difference between a homosexual and a normal person. In fact, this regulation also described procedures for rejecting gay draftees. (Martinez, Hebl, & Law, 2012). The military based these procedures on medical rationale and psychiatric screening to...
Another reason that causes the negative relationship between sleep deprivation and academic performance is the impact of high-stress level that is caused by sleep deprivation. As mentioned earlier, sleep deprivation could decrease a student’s critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, it can also make the students feel more stressful. According to the survey conducted in Ball State campus, there are 15 students that often do their homework before they go to bed. 10 students play video games, computer games, and mobile games before they go to sleep. 8 students use their electronic devices to do social activities. 5 students watch movies and television series and 2 students read books before they go to bed. This information proves
Virginia Henderson developed the nursing need theory, which focuses on increasing the patient’s independence to speed up the recovery process (Alligood and Tomey, 2009). This is where my theory begins to connect with hers. Our main duty as nurses is to provide care for the patient while they are unable to care for themselves and facilitate them to be the best individual they can be. For this reason nursing is both a science and an art. It is a science in that nurses must understand the disease processes that are affecting the patient’s health, they must also practice based on evidence that is defended by science, and know how to operate equipment and machines. However, it is an art because it requires unique care for each patient, and each nurse is going to provide care in a slightly different way. The nurse is responsible for following the health care providers plan of care, but the nurse provides the creativity that provides the individualized care. The ultimate goal of nursing is to provide care to facilitate the patient in retaining or maintaining their maximal level of
While points, claims, and statistics may be found within all of the sources used for the research, the sheer amount of referenced studies and works within the “Sleep-Wake” paper lends weight to it’s usefulness as a reliable source. One of the otherfactor of sleep and its affect within the college community. Three sources varying in criteria and usefulness were found that related to this subject and were studied. sources, “College Students try to Cheat Sleep Needs”, a college newspaper, offers basic facts and elementary assumptions such that could be found within any biology textbook or encyclopedia. These references are to such things as sleep cycles and sub stages and the general consequences of an out of balance sleep cycle. The study from the Biological Rhythm Research writers, however, hints at previous studies and findings that “several factors, such as social and academic demands, part-time jobs, [...] affect the sleep-wake cycle of college students.” but then only states the findings of a particular study, and does so in...
The article poignantly observes that “mobile” technology may at times not have anything to do with “mobility” pointing to the example of young people who text each other while sitting in the very same room (Lacoheé 203)! Like Dr. Goggin, these authors provide an overview of the history of mobile technology but their piece does so from a global perspective. AT&T was in the lead of mobile technological advances in the 1940’s but couldn’t hold it. “The sheer size of America presented problems that were not to be encountered elsewhere.” European countries were much smaller and they were able to advance much more quickly. But in Europe service nationalized in some countries, like the United Kingdom. Service also had to be standardized so that mobile users could travel from country to country without service interruption.
Homosexuality in Today's Society. In today's society, there exists a mixture of issues which tend to raise arguments with people all over. There are a handful of topics that always seem to escalate these differences between people to the point where one who earnestly participates in discussion, debate and argument can direct their anger towards their feelings on the person themselves. Some examples of such delicate subjects are the death penalty, abortion, and euthanasia.
Gupta, Gireesh. "Mobile phones revolutionizing the global culture." Business. Gaston Gazette, 2 Mar. 2014. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. .
“Exercise improves fat metabolism and reduced pro-inflammatory markers. By improving fat metabolism, a person reduces their risk of diabetes. Reducing pro-inflammatory markers also, reduces a person 's chance of having a heart attack or stroke. The benefits are endless. Physical activity is not just for fit people” ( Lemon, Western