1. Explain How Nonspecific Interactions Between Individual Macromolecules

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Short answers – (only concise, coherent, and to-the-point answers can earn full credit!) 1. Explain how nonspecific interactions between individual macromolecules and their immediate surroundings (‘background interactions’) within a medium as heterogeneous and highly volume occupied as the interior of a living cell can greatly influence the equilibria and rates of reactions in which they participate. Discuss a specific example and draw sketches. 2. Enzymes are able to perform a number of remarkable synthetic transformations at neutral pH and ambient temperatures through elegant control of coordination geometry, substrate orientation and base- and acid-assisted reaction. Choose an enzyme that employs metal ions and illustrate how an …show more content…

An electron transport in a photosynthetic system can take place over large distances without a direct contact between the electron donor and acceptor. The tunneling mechanism provides an efficient electron transport between donor and acceptor groups as well. Suggest a structural arrangement of light-harvesting complexes that you think could provide a probable pathway. (Draw sketches to explain your example). 4. We have discussed various cell-wall associated biopolymers. Select one irregular biopolymer and describe its structural arrangements in the context of molecular and supramolecular level -- draw sketches. Indicate an experimental technique that could show how the biopolymer may respond to abiotic/environmental stresses 5. Give an example -- how the secondary structure of proteins can be determined by CD spectroscopy. Suggest a single-molecule technique that may rely on the information about the secondary structure in order to determine the mechanical properties of a protein. 6. NMR experiments can provide useful structural information and probe different aspects of the molecule’s nuclear environment. Suggest two NMR experiments that may illustrate how a globular protein could respond to the changes of pH, temperature, and

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