Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Corporate brand management
Effect of social media on branding
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Corporate brand management
Pyrmon (2016) in “Dynamic Aspects of Brand Management” states brand equity, “is the added value that a given brand name gives to a product beyond the functional benefits it provides” (p. 138). This added value comes from how the product is viewed in the minds of consumers. Keller (2016) in The Handbook of Marketing Research: Uses, Misuses, and Future Advances, list the following components that make up brand equity: brand knowledge, brand personality and relationships, brand awareness, brand imagery, brand judgments and brand feelings.
Brand knowledge refers to the associations made by a customer in response to a product. Creating brand knowledge is important as you want customers to think of and make an association with, your product when
…show more content…
According to Llopis (2014) in, “Consumers Are No Longer Brand Loyal”, consumers find it difficult to trust in today’s company’s making it harder for them to be loyal to any particular brand. Rozdeba’s (2016) article, “Lies and The Declining Trust in Brands” states a Young & Rubicam BrandAsset Valuator report revealed, “that consumer trust in renowned brands had dropped from a 52% level of confidence in 1997 to 22% in 2008”. Factors that contributed to declines in consumer loyalty include, low customer satisfaction, reduced product quality, brand proliferation, loss of message control by brands and easier access to information by consumers. Brand proliferation increases competition by providing consumers with more choices. More choices result in decreased brand loyalty because there are a variety of substitutes available and the cost of switching is lower. Technology allows consumers to both search out information on a company and control the information disseminated about a product through social media platforms, this decreases the amount of control a company has over the information shared about their product and services. Positive or negative views about a company posted on social media has a significant influence on whether a customer stays with a product or switches to
In every given business, the name itself portrays different meanings. This serves as the reference point and sometimes the basis of customers on what to expect within the company. Since personality affects product image (Langmeyer & Shank, 1994), the presence of brand helps in the realization of this concept. Traditionally, brand is a symbolic manifestation of all the information connected with a company, product, or service (Nilson, 2003; Olin, 2003). A brand is typically composed of a name, logo, and other visual elements such as images, colors, and icons (Gillooley & Varley, 2001; Laforet & Saunders, 1994)). It is believed that a brand puts an impression to the consumer on what to expect to the product or service being offered (Mere, 1995). In other application, brand may be referred as trademark, which is legally appropriate term. The brand is the most powerful weapon in the market (LePla & Parker, 1999). Brands possess personality in which people associate their experience. Oftentimes, they are related to the core values the company executes.
According to the Oxford dictionary, a brand can be defined as a type of product manufactured by a particular company under a particular name, with a particular identity or image that is regarded as an asset.
Kevin Keller’s brand equity model is known as the Customer Based Brand Equity Model (CBBE). This model was first introduced in his book, Strategic Brand Management. According to the model, a company must shape how customers think, feel, and act towards a product in order to build a strong brand. A consumer must have the right type of experience around the brand, which foster positive thoughts, opinions, perceptions, beliefs and feelings. By building strong brand equity, customers will recommend company products and will buy more of them. Moreover, this increases brand loyalty and decreases brand switching to competitors. One’s memory consists of a network of associations and connecting links, and any association ever processed about a brand
Brands add emotion and trust to these products and services, thus providing clues that simplify consumers' choice. These added emotions and trust help create a relationship between brands and consumers, which ensures consumer loyalty to the brands.
According to Philip Kotler “A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of the competitors. The business firm(s) faces the choice, whether it should brand its product or not? The Generic products can be offered to the consumers at a price lower than the branded products with standard or lower quality. The brand sponsor decision involves the decision about who is going to brand the product, manufacturer or re-seller or will it be a combination of the two? Indian retailing has seen a lot of ups and downs over the last few years. With the increasing growth of the organized
Companies use a collection of brand equities to represent their products in the market (Voolnes, 2012). Brand equity refers to the commercial value that is derived from the perception of consumers on any given brand name of particular products in the market as opposed to the product itself. Ataman (2003) notes that the effect to the consumer is in the brand name and not the product itself. Companies use logos, trademarks and a collection of other symbols to present this information to the customers. The use of these symbols is meant to try and capture the customer mindset so that they can be thinking about the company products at all times through the items they possess at home (Estes, Gibbert, Guest, & Mazursk, 2012). This can well be explained by use of the customer-based brand equity model that brings together the requirements for a publicly renowned brand in the market.
Brand equity is crucial as it implies that the brand itself is an important (financial) asset and can be calculated in financial terms (Barwise, 1993). This is particularly important in the luxury sector as from a behavioural viewpoint, brand equity can differentiate a company or product from other competitors, adding to their competitive advantages based on non-profit competition (Aaker, 2004). The model created by Aaker (1992) states that there are four categories of brand equity; Loyalty, Awareness, Perceived Quality and Associations. Luxury branding relies on a high level of perceived quality, loyalty and associations, although potentially less so for awareness, as it is thought that consumers choose luxury brands based on their exclusivity and as such the more the awareness that surrounds the brand, there is potential for it to become less valuable (Phau and Prendergast,
Chandon, P. (2003). Note on Measuring Brand Awareness, Brand Image, Brand Equity and Brand Value.
Definition; - “brand equity is the added value endowed on products and services. It may be reflected in the way consumer think, feel, and act with respect to the brand, as well as in the price, market share and profitability the brand commands.”(Kolter and Keller.2012, p265) according to the case study of Holland and Barrett, brand equity refers to high brand value, brand with high value equity means, H&B has the ability to create some sort of positiv...
A company’s brand is one of its most valuable assets (Green and Smith 2002). Brands owners invest millions of dollars every year in advertising and promotion to raise awareness and create demand for their brands.
Businesses use the media to convince consumers to buy their products. Since the start of mass media, companies have used communication to broadcast to large numbers of people about their product (Shah). Companies spend a great amount of money to encourage people to buy their product, by winning them over (Shah). The media provides information, rates, and suggests new products and services such as movies, computers, restaurants, books, fashion items, and more (Rinallo and Basuroy). Back in the days where brands had to buy advertising or secure media placements are gone. Today it is becoming really hard to know the difference between the role of marketer and publisher. This gives the chance for companies to become satisfied conservators, making their own items on their websites for their businesses (“Media Influence”). More and more people are considering traditional advertisements as untrustworthy; in fact, 75% of people do not think traditional advertisements are true. Companies uses online advertisements to influence people to buy their product. People today are trying to make more informed buying choices, using all the information they can find online. A person’s online experience can influence them to shop at a particular store; in fact, 91% of people shop at stores because of reviews online (Peneycad). People spend a large amount of time researching products before they decide to buy them. 86% of people use search engines to research products. 62% of people who research products online buy products in the store. People who research services and products online are more likely to make a buying decision (Peneycad). 78% of people are influenced by post from companies on social media websites. 72% of people are trusting of online recommendations of products. Peneycad mentions,“This means 72% of people trust complete strangers just as [much] as people they know when it comes to making a purchase decision (Peneycad 2).
Simon, C.J., & Sullivan, M. W. (1993). “The measurement and determinants of brand equity: A financial approach”. Marketing Science, 12(1), 28-52.
Secondly, some light has been thrown on the previous researches by various authors on the similar topics by providing with a summarised form of the same. It helps in better understanding of the ongoing concepts and perceptions on the concept of brand and its importance.
This means that the consumer places on brand image an intangible benefit different from other brands in the industry. Keller (1993) described brand image as a concept that customers assume due to abstract reasons and their own personal emotions. Brand associations are the attributes which are deeply seated in the customers’ minds related to the brand name, so to make relation positive one, brand should be associated with something positive which shows a value to the eyes of the
In conclusion, the customer- based brand equity model is an important platform that may help in building a strong brand. It could assist a company in assessing its progress as well as providing a blueprint for marketing research activities. If properly planned and implemented, it could help the company in achieving its marketing strategies and in the realization of an increased profit margin