Tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) is widely used as a beverage by human population all over the world. Tea plant is attacked by several pests and diseases and it is imperative to apply the plant protection chemicals to reduce the severity of infestation. Dimethoate [O,O-dimethyl-S-(N-methylcarbomoylmethyl)-phosphoro-dithioate] is a systemic organophosphorous insecticide, applied on citrus, cotton, fruit, olives, potatoes, tea, tobacco and vegetables to eradicate mites and aphids. Dimethoate is a moderately toxic compound and used in tea gardens to have control over tea mosquito bug. Dimethoate degradation was widely studied in some vegetable and cotton (Belal and Gomaa, 1979), some fruits and vegetable dips (Noble, 1985) and on guava (Khan et al., 2009). A few reports were available on the degradation of certain commonly used pesticides and their residues in tea (Rajukkannu et al., 1981; Singh and Agnihotri, 1984; Kumar et al., 2004; Sood et al., 2004; Manikandan et al., 2006; Seenivasan and Muraleedharan, 2009). However, there were no data available for the dissipation of dimethoate residues in black tea under south Indian climatic conditions. This study was undertaken to generate data on dissipation kinetics and its transfer to the tea brew during infusion. The present investigation was conducted in two different agro climatic locations of tea growing areas in Tamilnadu wherein dimethoate formulation applied @ 120 and 240 g a.i. /ha, along with an untreated control.
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Location and experimental design
A multi-location field trial was conducted under South-Indian climatic condition viz., Valparai and Coonoor during summer 2009. The treatments consist of untreated control, recommended dosa...
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...r application of dimethoate in tea is fixed at 1.78 and 15 days respectively (Table 5).
4.2. Leaching of dimethoate residue to tea brew
The pesticides with low Kow value and high water solubility will leach more into the infusion. In this study around 70% of residue leached to tea brew. This supported by the high water solubility (23300 mg/L) and Kow (0.7) (Tomlin, 2009). This characteristic can further be explicated by the pesticides with low Kow probably be loosely bounded with the tissues and easily moving with the circulating water. These pesticides are easily soluble in water during the infusion process (Nagayama, 1996). The present findings support the earlier studies on the loss of many pesticides during tea processing (Jaggi et al., 2001; Ozbey and Uygun, 2007; and Kaushik et al., 2009).
Works Cited
Dimethoate, residues, black tea, GC-NPD, tea brew
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