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How do social determinants of health contribute to disease
Determinants of health and how it affects people
How do social determinants of health contribute to disease
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Sam’s Determinants of Health According to WHO the definition of health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being (WHO, 2017). Determinants are factors that can increase an individual’s or population’s chance of ill health or good health (AIHW, 2016). Determinants can be further subdivided into three areas; social, behavioural and biomedical (AIHW, 2016). Here we look at Sam, who is 19 years old and his determinants that either positively affects his health or negatively. From the three areas of determinants, the most influential and compound are the social determinants (CSDH, 2008; Wilkson & Marmot). Several social determinants are present in Sam’s case study. Sam still lives with his parents which means that he has a support system at home. Along with Sam’s family, he has a small group of friends that he has known since primary …show more content…
The struggles Sam had in his final years must have put a great deal of stress on him which meant that he was not performing to his full capacity and this would have affected his mental and physical wellbeing too. Lower levels of education mean that Sam has a lesser chance of earning a stable employment, a stable income, a secure home in his future years and providing the adequate resources for himself and the people around him. Sam’s biomedical determinants have a major influence on his social and behavioural determinants. He was diagnosed with an eating disorder. Poor eating pattern can have a detrimental effect on Sam’s physical wellbeing as his body is not receiving the proper nutrients it needs to be healthy which could cause other serious medical conditions and cause damage and complications to his body. Eating disorders can affect a person mentally as well meaning that Sam could be going through psychological distress which would affect his mental well-being and could also lead him to distance himself from his social
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly becoming a major problem of Public Health around the World. The impact of resources and material deprivation among people and populations has resulted in an increase in mortality rate on a planetary scale. Social determinants of health are defined as the personal, social, economic and the environmental conditions which determines the health status of an individual or population (Gardner, 2013). Today’s society is characterized by inequalities in health, education, income and many other factors which as a result is becoming a burden for Public Health around the world. Research studies have shown that the conditions in which people live and work strongly influenced their health. Individuals with high levels of education and fall within the high income bracket turn to have stable jobs, live in the best neighborhood and have access to quality health care system than individuals who have low education and fall with the low income bracket. This paper is to explain different social determinants of health and how they play ...
But life is not a fairytale. Standing there lonely, having no job is our Sammy. This is when Sam realizes his path, the true way to become mature. The moment when “Lengel sighs and begins to look very patient:” Sammy, you don’t want to do this to your mom and dad” (Updike) hold him back a little bit, we can feel the regret in his heart. But he cannot go back anymore, decision has been made. He gives up his last chance; from now on, he’s on his own. Sammy finally understands that it is responsible behavior but not playing “adult-like” game that will make him a true
This lead to one of the biggest questions from the movie, how did he become that way? Hirschi’s Control Theory is a theory that states “that social control depends on people anticipating the consequences of their behavior”(Macionis 248). It was shown in the movie that Sam had a complicated relationship with his family, so his past is a big reason as to why he acts so deviant in the future. On of the four types of social control is attachment. Attachment is family, friends and school relationships. Sam was first introduced as one of Benny’s friends “crazy cousin”. It was clear that he did not enjoy having Sam around. This can reveal that Sam has a weak relationship with his family as a whole because he wasn’t even living with his parents. This would lead Sam to acting deviant without worrying about what they would think of him. It was also later revealed that Sam was kicked out of school based on his actions. Sam never had to worry about his family or school once that relationship broke off. Another type of social control is involvement. Involvement can mean many things, but it’s basically about holding a job, going to school, or participating in a sport. The character of Sam, as stated before, was kicked out of school. So, he didn’t have school keeping him away from deviant behaviors. And then there 's the reveal that Sam can’t write or read well. Sam had made an attempt to get a job at a movie store, but he would 've had to do an application, which required him to write. He was shown to be scared and nervous after he attempted at write on the form. Sam had little involvement in anything because he was a poor writer and reader, which lead him to act more deviant. A final reason as to why Sam acted so deviant, was because had little opportunity in life. He was self conscious about that fact that he couldn 't write, so he never made attempts to move up in the world. He
The determinants of Social Exclusion, Social Support and Stress were all impacted within the movie. All posing mostly negative risk factors to his life.
The lack of education can lead to poverty and poverty can lead to a lack of education, this is a cycle that is hard to get out of. Author Wes mother was able to go to college and get her degree. She wasn 't the first to go or the first two finished. She was able to overcome the situation poverty and found a way to go to college. This desire for college was something she gave to author Wes. She knew the public school was a bad place to be for her son so she did what she had to have the money to send Wes to Riverdale Country School. Author Wes got the schooling that had more of a focus on attending college as an end goal by attending Riverdale Country School. Since he went to Riverdale Country School he got the desire to get a degree that he probably would have never got in the public school in his neighborhood. The other Wes mother 's life was different and she didn 't put that need to get a degree into her
Sam says, “I was only thirteen that day, but I know my mother would never change” on page 98. Basically, Sam comes of age because he realized that his mother is a caring mom, but she is going through a lot with the divorce and going through a tough time trying to get her son to live with her, over her husband. Because of that she can’t have a nice office and she cannot have to many patients, that’s also why she can’t be a normal mother. It’s like she is fighting her own life but even if she’s going through a tough time she doesn’t want Sam to experience the same way she is living. This is a significant change because Sam earlier in the story didn’t like his mother and always looked down upon her. But when he grew up he knew who she really is, and he knew he couldn’t change her. In the end, he ends up living with his father. This story illustrates the importance of caring for your mother no matter what happens because in the end of the day that’s your mother who cares so much about you. But you just have to understand what kind of life she is going
According to the World Health Organisation (2017) the social determinants of health are defined as the conditions where people are born, grown, work and live, which also includes the health system. The social determinants of health determined populations health’s outcomes and therefore linked with health inequalities (WHO, 2017)
Going to University High School opened up a lot of opportunities for Sam to pursue his dream of becoming a doctor. University High School gave Sam the opportunity to apply to Seton Hall through the Premedical /Pre Dental Plus Program, which offers free tuitions, counseling and housing. Even though it seemed a long time to him, he eventually applied to Seton Hall, and listened to his friend George, who was excited about this program. It was hard for Sam to ignore that opportunity because he had no other plan, and more importantly he didn’t have the money to go to a good university. Also going to a completely different atmosphere at Seton Hall AWay from the gangs and the bad neighborhood, which encouraged Sam to study more and keep up with his peers. Counseling played a huge role for Sam when he attended the Premedical/Pre-Dental Plus
Social Determinants of health is the “conditions in which people are born, live, work and age that affect their health” Healthypeople.gov. (2017). Social Determinants of Health | Healthy People 2020. [online] Available at: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health [Accessed 22 Sep. 2017]. The determinants of health are important because it helps create policies to make changes, as well as improving public health conditions by addressing the different health outcomes an individual can face and improving the need for healthier conditions. Healthy People 2020 organizes the determinants of health in both a social and physical determinant which has an impact on health.
This includes, but is not limited to, race, gender, socioeconomic status, education, geographical location, early childhood development, occupation, and social support. Social determinants are classified, specifically, as fixed or variable. This ultimately means that one’s classified “social determinant” is either something that is unable to be changed or is something that is able to be altered. Therefore, there are some social determinants for which the individual has a choice on whether or not their actions are controlled by those specific facets of themselves. For example, some social determinants for which an individual has no choice includes their race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status (or more specifically, the socioeconomic status for which you are born to), and early childhood development. Compared to other social determinants, these are factors to every individual that we are unable to change, due to the fact that these specific characteristics are traits that we are born with. Although some of these determinants are able to be changed, the health implications that are connected to these factors will continue to alter and change the individual’s life. For instance, there are specific health issues that affect more individuals in a specific race or gender compared to another social group, ultimately altering the individual’s health. Also, socioeconomic status is linked to many
Lack of education can leave those with low-level or no qualifications at all which could lead to the individuals struggling to find full or part time work which results in low or no money whatsoever to be able to
Health is described as physical and mental well-being and freedom from disease, pain or defect. However, such descriptions only superficially define the actual meaning of health. There may be many occasions when individuals are not necessarily ill or in pain but may be overweight, stressed or emotionally unstable. Health is a quality of life involving dynamic interaction and interdependence among the individual’s physical state, their mental and emotional reactions, and the social context in which the individual exists. There are many factors that influence your health, but three major components contribute to general well-being: Self-awareness, a balanced diet and, regular physical activity.
This model believes that an individual may be free from disease or physical injury however social factors that surrounds a person will determine their wellbeing. In the social dimension of health a person has to be able to interact with people, such as friends and family. According to Antonia C. Lyons and Kerry Chamberlain (2006) Health Psychology a Critical introduction ‘studies have demonstrated an association between what is called social integration and physical health, including mortality rates’. The skill to be able to build healthy relationships may give an individual a positive self-image. Poor social skills may mean that an individual may become isolated or stressed. If an individual becomes stressed and isolated they will be free of disease as they will be physically and mentally fit, however the stress will contribute to the health status of the individual. According to Charles L. Sheridan and Sally A. Radmacher (1992) Health psychology challenging the biomedical model ‘attributes like strength, health and attractiveness can be helpful in coping with
(Williams and Bendelow, 1998). The social model of health looks at factors such as; the social, environmental, economic and cultural factors which are the broader influences on health instead of diseases and injuries. ‘the social model locates people in social contexts, conceptualizes the physical environment as socially organized, and understands ill health as a process of interaction between people and their environments’ (Broom, 1991, 52). Social model of health perceives health and illness in different ways other than just medical facts, by looking at the broader factors that can cause ill health or be the source of you being ill such as; being in poverty; having poor housing, job-related stress, pollution, family, employment status, working conditions, health services, housing, environmental pollution, friends, income, education, social life, national food deprived neighbourhoods as well as poor life choices, these factors can shape your physical along with your mental health and it is not just science that can shape our physical and mental