Componenets of an E-Learning System

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II. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

2.1 Background concepts

The central theme of e-learning is to leverage effective transfer of knowledge, not just from the experts to learners but also from learners to learners, including both tacit (informal knowledge) and explicit knowledge (formal knowledge), through various means facilitated by information and communication technologies (ICT) [Volery and Lord, 2000]. It is essential to identify the critical factors within each of the components of e-learning ecosystem to facilitate effective transfer of knowledge.

An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (biotic factors) in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic factors) of the environment [Christopherson, 1996]. Extending this definition, e-learning ecosystem consists of biotic factors such as learning and teaching community, substance and content in various forms (video, audio, text), and abiotic factors such as principles and methods (adaptive, active, etc.), systems and processes (Internet, multimedia, LMS, semantic web etc.), management of learning resources (acquire, elicit, organise, retireve, reuse etc.) and the interaction between them to mutually benefit each other. The principles and methods of teaching and learning in general refer to correct use of pedagogical strategies. The systems and processes of teaching and learning refer to technologies supporting e-learning and various pedagogical strategies. Management of the substance and content of teaching and learning represent management of learning resources generated from various pedagogical strategies and associated technologies.

At this juncture, application of knowledge management principle is vit...

... middle of paper ...

...overcoming these limitations, this study proposes inclusion of comprehensive critical pedagogy-specific elements for a sustainable RLOR.

The analysis above shows that existing studies on the pedagogies, technologies and management of learning resources have recognised the importance of identification and appropriate use of pedagogical strategies with the incorporation of technologies and effective management of learning resources. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research in evaluating critical interrelated issues of pedagogical strategies, technology supporting various strategies and management of learning resources. In this context, this study aims at complementing existing research in identifying the factors specific to each strategy and assessing entwined aspects of these e-learning ecosystems to have a maximum positive impact on the success of e-learning.

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