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Characteristics of a good performance measurement system
The features of a performance measurement system
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Implementation
Performance measures
When it comes to practice, it was a different story for BAA. To keep the project under control, BAA developed a measurement system consisting of “five key performance indicators (KPIs), ten key measures, and 37 performance data.” (Basu et al., 2009). The purposes of these measurements was to ensure project main project objectives are met, major stakeholders identified, specification met, benchmark agreed etc. Moreover, to apply the measurements to the project, guidance notes for measurement metrics were created to communicate to all members of the project team. Additionally, based on these key measures, reports were created and published regularly (Basu et al., 2009).
T5. Metrics Triangle (Basu et al., 2009).
Integrated teams
To foster collaboration between parties taking part in T5 project, integrated teams were created. Members of these teams were chosen on the basis of their skills and expertise and irrespective of which organisation they were from. Moreover, unlike normal other projects where team members were from different organisations and worked on virtual team, members of integrated teams collocated.
In addition, integrated teams formed at the beginning of the project which enabled them to identified potential issues and problems in project at their nascent stage. As a result, the team were able to avoid problems in later stages thus enabling them to come up with a safe and sound design. For example, “the development of pavement concrete led to a 25% reduction in bulk materials required for the aircraft stands and pavement areas.” (Potts and Ankrah, 2008).
Procurement strategies
Procurement practices implemented by BAA were considered to be not only the best practice in construction...
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...e optimal solution. As a consequence, the architectural drawings conflict with engineering drawings as well as shop drawings. The conflicts identified in the design process are usually not a problem; however, those identified on sites caused significant costs and delays. For T5, BAA estimated the “cost of wasted time and materials alone is at least 10% of total project cost.” (Potts and Ankrah, 2008).
BAA utilized a “single-model environment (SME)”. “The SME is a real-time, computer-aided design system for digital prototyping and simulation to provide photorealistic representation of the project and “virtual walk through” of the final design.” The SME enabled every member of the design team to collaborate which allowed them to reduce errors and conflicts in design. The results would be “a more accurate estimate of costs at the design stage.” (Davies et al., 2009).
Attaining results from a team consisting of members likely spread across vast distances is an increasingly difficult task without taking advantage of the necessary resources available for distance collaboration. Several factors are taken into consideration when building an effective team. Creating a team out of a group of people who come from a variety of backgrounds is not an easy task because group members must first learn how to collaborate as a team before they can even consider completing a project together. Teams have a clear purpose with defined roles for each of its participants. Collaboration with the use of technological resources comes into play when a team consists of members spread out geographically. Realizing the strengths of each team member as well as the resources that are available is essential to a team’s success.
The process of forming virtual teams is very crucial and plays a significant role in the success of a virtual team, since the team members can be formed from virtually anywhere. As such, the management of the particular organizations needs to take significant care in the formation of virtual teams. Lerner (2008), did say that the leaders of distributed teams should have a heightened sense of awareness of the various subgroup formations and their weaknesses”. Thus the formation of virtual teams is critical to ensuring the objectives for a given project are met and the chemistry of the team is proper to achieve given goals. Karayaz (2006) did define thr...
Adopting the latest technology helps firms to gain advantage in the competitive environment. It is important to adopt new tools in order to improve the quality of work and reduce the risks associated with the work. Implementation of a new process or a tool is often cumbersome for the companies but with proper planning and resources in hand and the zeal to accept innovation, companies grow technically and technologically. In the AEC field, we saw many firms still hand drafting 20 or more years after CAD became the new drafting standard in the mid-1980s. The pressure to switch often came from colleagues and collaborators and became necessary as firms using CAD no longer found it viable to work with firms still hand-drafting (Epstein, 2012). Similar is the case today where the incorporation of BIM is becoming popular amongst the organizations. In order to stay afloat, companies must implement the use of BIM.
Organise dates and times with team meetings so standardisation actions can be considered. Ensuring assessors have experience and knowledge in the area of their subject. Information from the assessor as to what is to be monitored from which candidate and when. Therefore, Identifying the criteria that is to be assessed and IQA from the qualification using various methods e.g. Observations, written evidence, questioning, and R.P.L. Assessors will be observed with their decisions of the outcomes and sampled by the IQA. On an on-going basis, identifying as to what can be amended with constructive feedback. When completing in a summative stage, you would be checking the full assessment process with signatures and dates on all documents, maintaining accurate records throughout the IQA
formed project teams to look into issues and make suggestions on how to make it better. The
Melnyk, S., Stewart, D., & Swink, M. (2004). Metrics and performance measurement in operations management; Dealing with the metrics maze. Journal of Operations Mangement, Retrieved 2 May 2011. http://mldc.whs.mil/download/documents/Readings/metrics%20maze.pdf
This is the contract administration step. This is the step most people think of when thinking of the design process since this is essentially the shopping step. Here, is where the merchandise is ordered. However it is not just ordered, but the designer must also make sure proper delivery and placement is achieved. A designer will create a punch list to check off when these things occur. It’s not just the fun shopping part that occurs in this step, though. Permits also have to be obtained. This allows the team to actually demolish and rebuild in the space according to the safety requirements and specifications in that particular area. The design team will supervise the installation or construction work, and site inspections will take
Platt, L. (1999). Virtual Teaming: Where Is Everyone?. Journal for Quality & Participation, 22(5), 41. Retrieved from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3616/is_199909/ai_n8872660/
Working in teams provides an opportunity for individuals to come together and establish a rapport towards others within a group. Teamwork is classified as people with different strengths and skills who work together to achieve a common goal. When a team works well, specific objectives are fulfilled and satisfied. Teamwork plays a crucial role in implementing and fulfilling a common goal in a team project. Each member plays a role and takes on different responsibilities combined together. In different stages of teamwork, conflicts and arguments may occur for as members have different standpoints which need to be harmonized within the team. The key to having an effective teamwork is to explore each member's unique abilities to motivate them.
There are four different types of teams. These teams are problem-solving teams, self-managed work teams, cross-functional teams, and virtual teams. Problem-solving teams work together to help find methods to improve the work environment or have suggestions to increase employee’s morale. Self-managed work teams organize the responsibilities of the employee’s such as assigning tasks to individuals, scheduling conflicts, and evaluate employee performances. Cross-functional teams are individuals whom all have experience in the same work field. The individuals come together as a team to incorporate their thoughts, designs, and new ideas to accomplish what the company needs to improve or create. Virtual teams are individuals that work together, but only by technology such as the internet, emails, or web cam.
Establishing metrics is crucial to any organization, especially in technology related company projects. Metrics permit organizations to measure its performance against industry sectors to determine how well the company is doing. Furthermore, metrics allow organizations to evaluate and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its processes. Metrics are designated in different categories. The categories identified in this document include output, in-process, and people. (Duris 2003) The organization must first determine exactly what the company is trying to accomplish or determine. Metrics are then identified based on what is relative to the subject matter. Finally, metrics are verified when tracking progress against previous records or a company given standards or goals.
Many businesses place an emphasis on the importance of teamwork. A good team consists of people with different skills, abilities and characters. A successful team is able to blend these differences together to enable the organisation to achieve its desired objectives.
In order for teamwork to be successful in the workplace it involves building a relationship and working with other people. The ability to work as part of a team is one of the most important skills in today’s job market. Working cooperatively and contributing to groups with ideas, and suggestions benefits everyone. A key to team effectiveness
Architectural design today has moved from designing by hand to designing with several different software programs that have made the job much easier. Two of the main programs in many architectural firms today are AutoCAD2000 and ArchiCAD 6.5. Both are very productive design tools but each has its own defects in certain areas of the design process.
A team is a group of people with a full set of complementary skills required to complete a project. Team members work toward a common goal. A team becomes more than just a collection of people when a strong sense of mutual commitment creates synergy, thus generating performance greater than the sum of the performance of its individual members. Team members not only need clear goals, they needs roles to help facilitate