Introduction Bell’s palsy is the name given to a nerve disorder that results in unexpected paralysis of the face due to the facial nerve acting abnormally. Paralysis is commonly found only on one side of the face; however, it can occur on both sides. Bell's palsy is named for Sir Charles Bell, a 19th century Scottish surgeon who first came across the condition. (NINDS Bell's Palsy, sec. 1). In this paper, the pathophysiology, which is a discussion of the mechanism behind Bell’s Palsy will be discussed
Facial threads support the muscles, facelift also tightens the skin Floppy facial muscles may not necessarily mean a need for a facelift. A suitable intermediate could be surgical threads, which enhance the facial muscles and subcutaneous tissues. Facelift should be considered only when excess skin appears. Facial threads are a prudent choice Women and men who undertake the surgery of facial threads do not only fix the problems of today but plan for tomorrow. While facial fillers help to smoothen
is highly dubiously. However, according to Charles Darwin (1872/1998), regarding facial expressions it is not: “[...] the same state of mind is expressed throughout the world with remarkable uniformity“ In his work The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Darwin claims to have found out that the six most relevant feelings (happy, surprise, fear, disgust, anger, and sad) are reflected identically by facial expressions throughout the whole world, since we all share the same ancestors. This
I. INTRODUCTION TO FACIAL ANIMATION The human face is an effective, important and composite communication medium. While a person speaks, the expressions in the face changes frequently. Those expressions are related to both emotions and the flow of speech. It is noted from the studies that speaking is very important for conveying different expressions. Moreover, many psychologists have found out that facial expressions resemble the emotions and attitudes of different people. Hence, in order to improve
Abstract Bell’s palsy is a very interesting phenomenon that results in the damage of the facial nerve that controls the muscles of the face. The cause of it is uncertain however, it is considered to be an autoimmune disorder due to viral infections that cause muscle weakness and paralysis. Symptoms of Bell’s palsy include numbness to the face causing the face and eyelids to droop. Relies heavily on signs and symptoms and examination of physical condition by a doctor is highly recommended. Patients
they are angry. But how can you tell this? How can you really tell if someone is angry, upset, or happy? The answer is that from a young age, human beings have learned how to tell someone’s emotional being from his or her facial expressions. Now here is the big question. Are facial expressions universal or cultural? In other words, are they do all cultures and people express emotions on their face the same way or does each culture or ethnicity have its distinct characteristics? Have you ever looked
known as facial palsy. It is the paralysis or weakness of muscles in one side of the face caused by several different viruses. In some rare cases it can affect both sides of the face. It has similar symptoms to a stroke but if it just affects the facial muscles it is likely not a stroke. It was first described in 1821 but can be traced back to 5th century BCE (Sajadi, 2011). Sir Charles Bell was the first person to describe, anatomically, the correlation between the facial nerve and facial paralysis
functions of the facial nerve in humans. The facial nerve is one of twelve cranial nerves that innervates the head and neck. These nerves serve a variety of functions, both sensory and motor, and are responsible for moving the muscles in the face, head and neck, and receiving information the brain can interpret into all five sense. Appendix A outlines each cranial nerve, it’s sensory and/or motor function, and the foramen in the bones of the skull it passes through. The facial nerve fibers originate
Introduction Myasthenia Gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that weakens the muscles. The name MG comes from the Latin words meaning grave muscle weakness. In 1672, Thomas Willis was the first to describe a patient with myasthenia gravis. There were periodic case descriptions over the years in 1900 regarding this disease. The disease remained a mystery, until 1960 when Simpson suggested that myasthenia gravis was caused by antibodies against the acetylcholine (ACh) receptor. Patrick and Lindstorm
Purpose- To identify the functions of the cranial nerve of the peripheral nervous system such as the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and the hypoglossal nerves. I will examine these functions with a series of behavior tests on my partner who is Jazmine Cooley to see if all nerves are functioning properly and if they are not, then this will be considered an identified dysfunction of a cranial nerve which
Parkinson's Disease is a common neurologic disorder for the elderly. It is a disorder of the brain characterized by shaking and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination. This disease is associated with damage to a part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Parkinson's Disease is a chronic illness that is still being extensively studied. Parkinson's Disease has caused problems for many people in this world and plagued the elderly all over the world.Parkinson's disease still puzzles doctors
A facial Expression is one or more motions or position of the muscles beneath the skin of the face. Humans can defiantly adopt a facial Expression voluntarily or involuntarily, which is so amazing, because it’s just their own facial expression, and the best part is its unique. The neural mechanisms responsible for controlling the expressions differ in each case. Voluntary facial Expressions are often socially conditioned and almost always follow a cortical route in the brain. Conversely, involuntary
Period 3 Mrs.Coik Limb Paralysis Limb paralysis is the loss or impairment of movement of the limb as a result of muscle and nerve damage. The one of the most common causes of limb paralysis is a cerebral vascular accident, otherwise known as a CVA or stroke. The loss of movement can be localized and affect only a small area of muscle. It has the ability to affect a large area of muscle referred to as generalized paralysis. Another type of paralysis is unilateral paralysis, which is paralysis of one
of muscular dystrophy characterized by early onset contractures of the elbows, achilles tendons and post-cervical muscles with progressive muscle wasting and weakness It is also associated with heart complications like cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia which in both cases can lead to death. Cardiomyopathy is a heart disease which affects the muscles of the heart. In cardiomyopathy is muscles get rigid, enlarged or thick. They also sometimes changed by scar tissues. On the other hand arrhythmia is a disorder
“I never will understand all the good that a simple smile can accomplish.” In the words a woman who devoted her life to selflessness and altruism, Mother Teresa remarks on the importance of a smile. Smiling is one of the most basic human facial expressions, but its purpose is often taken for granted and its benefits are overlooked. Numerous psychological and behavioral studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of smiling on an individual’s success. The results provide quantifiable evidence
listening and not ignoring the patient. Facial communication is also a vital part of patient
Scottish anatomist named Charles Bell, is a form of facial paralysis in which one side of the face suddenly cannot be controlled through the normal facial muscles (1). One thing characteristic of the condition is its suddenness and apparent randomness – as with my mother, it can often come along in the middle of the night. Bell’s Palsy is idiopathic, meaning its general cause is unknown. In fact, another name for the disease is “idiopathic facial paralysis.” (2) (You can imagine my frustration at
of the muscles usually causing muscle weakness. There are many different types of myopathy; however the three that will be discussed are inflammatory, congenital, and mitochondrial. Inflammatory Myopathy is the inflammation of the muscles. Congenital Myopathy is a delay in motor skills, skeletal and facial abnormalities which are shown at birth. Mitochondrial Myopathies are caused by genetic abnormalities. The history of myopathy is quite unclear; however in 1999 a new discovery of muscle disease
receptors at the postsynaptic membrane at the motor endplate (Duffy, 99). Because there are a reduced number of operative receptors, the muscle responsiveness to the Ach that sparks muscle contraction is reduced. The repercussion for this is diminishing muscle contractions with repetition of use. With rest and time for nerves to reload the Ach supply, strength of the muscles may improve. Neurology of Myasthenia Gravis Normal Neuromuscular Transmission In the process
axon structure that results in impaired ability of the peripheral nervous system to send signals or relay sensory information. CMT typically presents with distal predominance of limb-muscle wasting, weakness, and sensory loss , . Symptoms start in the feet, which commonly have high arches, hammer toes, intrinsic muscle weakness, and wasting. The disease then begins to affect the legs and the lower thighs, which results in distal atrophy of the lower limbs. The hands become affected, followed by the