emeyer
Period 3
Mrs.Coik
Limb Paralysis Limb paralysis is the loss or impairment of movement of the limb as a result of muscle and nerve damage. The one of the most common causes of limb paralysis is a cerebral vascular accident, otherwise known as a CVA or stroke. The loss of movement can be localized and affect only a small area of muscle. It has the ability to affect a large area of muscle referred to as generalized paralysis. Another type of paralysis is unilateral paralysis, which is paralysis of one half of the body. Paralysis can be temporary, sometimes caused by an illness such as Bell’s palsy which causes temporary paralysis of facial muscles. There are many other denominations of paralysis such as partial or complete and spastic or flaccid. Partial paralysis is categorized by partial muscle sensation and function, such as the ability to use one arm and not the other. Complete paralysis is total loss of muscle function. Spastic paralysis is unusual stiffness, involuntary movement and spasms. Flaccid paralysis is when the paralyzed
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This damage causes paresis which is muscle weakness caused by the reduced efficiency of the brain and nerve cells. This weakness may be a warning of future paralysis. Not all nerve damage is equal. Erb’s palsy is paralysis of the arm caused by injury, the tearing of the C5-C6, which are cranial nerves. It, however, may heal over time or through rehabilitative means such as surgery and/or physical therapy. Tetraplegia is total or partial loss of all four limbs and also includes the torso. It may be either spastic or flaccid and is a result of illness or injury to nerves C1-C7. It is devastating because control and sensation are both lost. The afflicted person may have difficulty controlling autonomic functions such as breathing, digestion and control of the
Phantom pain refers to the phenomenal experience of pain in a body part that has been amputated or deafferented (Flor, Nikolajsen & Jensen, 2006). The characteristics of phantom pain have been described to occur in quick and sudden attacks of pain shooting up and down the amputated limb as well as cases of constant, excruciating pain whilst intensely perceiving the amputated limb to be cramped or postured abnormally (Katz, 1992). Approximately eighty percent of amputees report suffering from or at least experiencing some level of phantom pain post amputation; therefore it is a prominent issue (Flor, Nikolajsen & Jensen, 2006). Phantom pain is neuropathic pain that has no individual trigger but instead a plethora of psychobiological aspects of neuroplasticity that contribute to the cause of phantom pain (Grusser, Diers & Flor, 2003). The following will: outline the role of the peripheral and central factors associated with phantom pain and discuss the cortical reorganisation of the somatosensory cortex in relation to phantom pain.
It is caused by damaged nerves. It generally, causes a weakness or numbness but can
Almost all patients who have lost a limb due to an organ amputation, paralysis, or were born with inherited birth deficiency would undergo a mysterious phenomenon called phantom limb. Within this syndrome, patients would have a perception of their missing limb and would receive sensations from it. Limb loss could be due to many factors, such as congenital deficiencies, spinal cord injuries, and amputation of a limb. Although phantom limb sensation and phantom limb pain are strongly correlated, they should be differentiated. Phantom limb sensation is experienced by almost all biological and accidental amputees. On the other side, phantom limb pain is almost exclusively experienced as a result of an amputation.
Today I am going to talk about the article “Amputees by Choice” by Carl Elliott. This topic is not about amputees in general but by people who want to cut off a healthy part of their body. Now you may ask, who in their right mind would want to do such a thing. Believe it or not, there is a condition called Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID). This is a mental disorder in which a person wants to amputate one or more of their healthy limbs. We then should ask, what motivates a person to want to amputate a healthy limb? There are couples of reasons or explanations for this disorder. First is that they are suffering from Body Dysmorphic Disorder, a condition in which the person believes that part of their body is diseased or ugly. The second explanation is psychosexual disorder call Acrotomophilia. This is a sexual attraction to an amputee. The last explanation is a mismatch between their bodies as they experience it.
A muscle trauma which, is also known as a muscle strain is an injury which, occurs within the muscle tendon. The pain can be classified into three different sections which are; mild, moderate and severe. The main cause of a muscle strain is when the muscle is overstretched since the muscles have probably been working too hard. If a muscle tear occurs, it can also damage the attaching tendons within the muscles because, the muscle tissues are stretched and then torn (2).
Each year, millions of Americans seek treatment for shoulder injuries or other problems. In most cases, the diagnosis is usually centered on the rotator cuff. The degree of injury and loss of movement helps in making the decision to have surgery. The final total of a shoulder impingement surgery cost is dependent on a variety of factors.
The basal ganglia are part of the extrapyramidal system and work in conjunction with the motor cortex in providing movement and serve as the relay center. Damage to this area results in Athetoid Cerebral Palsy, the second most common form of cerebral palsy. Involuntary purposeless movements, particularly in the arms, hands, and facial muscles, characterize Athetosis. In addition, the individual can become “stuck” in abnormal positions or postures and require specific positioning to maintain more normal tome and
Spinal cord injuries can range from minor, meaning the injured will recover, to very severe injuries that can cause significant damage to someone’s body and self-esteem. Approximately 12,000 people per year experience spinal cord injuries in the United States. 50% of all spinal cord injuries occur between the ages of 16 and 30 and 80% of all spinal cord injuries happen to males. The most common accidents that cause spinal cord injuries are motor vehicle accidents followed by falls, violence and then sports. There are two major types of spinal cord injuries, complete spinal cord injury and incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injuries can also cause other complications including respiratory, bladder control, skin sensation, circulation problems, muscle tone, sexual health, pain, depression, scoliosis, UTI and spasticity. Complete spinal cord injuries occur when one loses complete feeling and sensation typically resulting in paralysis below the injury. Incomplete spinal cord injuries mean there is still some feeling and movement below the injury site. One can experience different types of incomplete spinal cord injuries including anterior cord syndrome, central cord syndrome, brown-sequard syndrome, nerve cell injuries and spinal contusions. Currently there is no cure for spinal cord injuries. Causes of SCI:
It is estimated that 1 out of every 5,600-7,700 boys ages 5-24 have Duchene or Becker muscular dystrophy. (“Data & Statistics,” 2012 April 6) Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic diseases defined by muscle fibers that are unusually susceptible to damage. There are several different types of muscular dystrophy some of which shorten the affected person’s lifespan. (“Muscular dystrophy: Types and Causes of each form,” n.d.) There is a long history of the disorder but until recently there wasn’t much knowledge of the cause. (“Muscular Dystrophy: Hope through Research,” 16 April 2014) Symptoms are obvious and can be seen as soon as a child starts walking. (“Muscular Dystrophy,” 2012 January 19) Although muscular dystrophy mostly affects boys, girls can get it too. (“Muscular Dystrophy,” 2012 January 19) There is no cure for muscular dystrophy but there are several types of therapy and most types of muscular dystrophy are still fatal. (“Muscular Dystrophy: Hope through Research,” 16 April 2014)
[3] H. S. Milner-Brown, R. B. Stein, and R. Yemm. "The Orderly Recruitment of Human Motor Units during Voluntary Isometric Contractions." The Physiological Society 230th ser. (1973): 359-70. Web. 22 May 2014.
Severity of disability. The danger of disability is the fear of the problem they carry on. It has become a truism among rehabilitation professionals that there is not a one-to-one relationship between severity of disability and the intensity of reaction to it. (Vash 14.) One person can deal with the problem, while another is devastated by the loss. However, Varying degrees of severity creates different kinds of situations of disabled people. Robert suffers his loss on all his lifetime. He cannot see his wife and the physical world around him, but the has a gift of comprehensive knowledge of the invisible world. The unknown world where people have but seldom to explore, because they must deal with their physical meaning. Robert never shows his
The occupation of physical therapy has been around for centuries. Throughout time it has evolved greatly as a medical practice and an area of study. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of 2012, there were 204,200 physical therapists employed throughout the United States of America.
Stroke has been implicated as the third leading cause of death1. It’s occurrence increases with age, with two-thirds of stroke victims being over 65 years old2. The elderly population is increasing, with 20% of the U.S. population expected to be over 65 years old by the year 20303. As future dentists, these are the people we will one day be treating in our practices. Therefore, it is important for us to be able to properly prevent, recognize, and manage the diseases of the elderly population.
Stroke is a commonly known disease that is often fatal. This cellular disease occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted by either a blood clot halting the progress of blood cells in an artery, called an Ischemic stroke, or a blood vessel in the brain bursting or leaking causing internal bleeding in the brain, called a hemorrhagic stroke. When this happens, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and nutrients because the blood cells carrying these essential things are stopped, causing them to die. When the cells in the brain die, sensation or movement in a limb might be cut off and may limit an organism’s abilities. A person with stroke is affected depending on where in the brain the stroke occurs. In other words, symptoms of a stroke
All universities have liberal art requirements. The propose disability studies is an in-depth look at the history, culture, and social standing of people with disabilities. “Disability Studies: Expanding the Parameters of Diversity” encourages people to view people with disabilities as a group that should be represented when studying liberal arts and other cultures. According to“Disability Studies: Expanding the Parameters of Diversity”, “The social, political, and cultural analyses embodied in disability studies form a prism through which one can gain a broader understanding of society and human experience, and the significance of human variation” (Linton et al. 8). People that have disabilities exist on this world,