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Role of psychological contract in an organisation
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Situation Analysis and Problem Statement: Global Communications Communication and information are essential to innovation, moral, and change. Global Communications lack of understanding of worker sentiment and a failure to communicate corporate concerns led to inefficiencies in the management process. Describe the Situation Issue and Opportunity Identification As global market pressures increase due to increased competitor competition, telecommunication markets vying for the same business, and new technology, labor costs has become an important concern in organizations and Global Communications (GC) is no exception. As part of efforts to enhance product market competitiveness, GC has taken steps to control compensation costs. In as much, the stock market has been closely scrutinized as market price per share depreciated more than 50 percent over a three year period. As a result of cost control efforts that will improve profitability, the company plans to cut overhead costs by downsizing their workforce and market itself more aggressively internationally by outsourcing work to India and Ireland with the goal of becoming a global resource within three years. The psychological contract and continuance commitment are key concepts to understand the issues and opportunities facing Global Communications (GC). The psychological contract addresses the attitude that employees have about their relationship with their employer. This involves trust, commitment, and respect that's developed over time and layoffs can create intense feelings in employees who believe that they have been wronged. These emotions may be demonstrated through angry outbursts, withdrawal, and lack of motivation to work. GC will have major implications to downsizing the call centers giving them a unique challenge with dealing with an employee's resentment over an unwritten physiological contract rule that was breached. The front-line manager can help employees cope with the stress associated with layoffs by opening the lines of communication, reporting accurate information, and being sensitive to the issues being discussed. Continuance commitment represents those employees who have strong emotional attachments to an organization because the costs of staying outweigh the costs of leaving. In this case, GC plans to relocate some employees to the consumer call centers with a 10% reduction in pay.
Within an organization one of the key tools that they use is that of: communication. Communication is a primary key to any organization and without it there is no cohesion, no leadership, and no functionality. As communication begins to diminish, so does the organization – as one article puts it: “These new economic…. imperatives have significantly contributed to the demise of the old classic command-and-control bureaucracy…” (Tiernan et al, 2002, 47-48). From what this article states, the lack of communication has led to a semi-collapse of the mechanistic structure of an organization. Though communication does seem like a huge factor of an organization, communication does not come without its troubles within the inter-organizations; if there is communication going on in a company, there is going to also be a lack of communication. When a company has employed thousands of people (or maybe just a small amount) they are hiring a whole selection of individuals to work as whole group in unity – though this does seem like an amazing idea, these sets of individuals will have quite ...
Allen,N.J. and Meyer, J.P. (1990) `The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization' Journal of occupational Psychology in L. Fulop and S. Linstead, Management: A Critical Text, Macmillan, South Yarra, 1999, pp 259
‘The notion of a psychological contract implies that there is an unwritten set of expectations operating at all times between every member of an organization and the various managers and others in that organization.’ (Schein, 1965, p156)
Promote communication within an organization vertically and horizontally while balancing various management and operational elements;
Layoffs are one means by which an organization can reduce expenses with the intent of improving its bottom line. Despite being typically performed as a last resort, layoffs often have a negative impact on the remaining workforce. As a manager, there are numerous areas for concern in managing the workforce going forward. The human costs related to downsizing are “immense and far-reaching” with one of the most profound being survivor syndrome according to Hanson (2015, p. 187). Also known as survivor’s guilt, this condition relates to the emotions felt by those still employed and some of the effects include decreased motivation, moral, and job satisfaction, as well as an increased proclivity to search for other employment. This volunteer turnover being another grave concern for managers, and retention of the remaining workforce is usually dependent on their existing perception of the organization and its culture (Sitlington & Marshall, 2011). Also relayed by
The term actually means “adhering to the fundamentals of employer-employee relationship day after day, week after week”(Soma, 2015). According to Soma, it takes a lot of sincere efforts to motivate employees, keep them satisfied and retain them. Unfortunately commitment towards employees is only found among a few organizations that have a retention package implemented (Soma, 2015). In order to succeed in employee retention, the leadership will have to make sure it is aligned with many principles. Also they have to be willing to take chances whether its rough or smooth to have a retention package (Soma, 2015). Once a work environment is in place, the organization will be able to achieve a “world class employee retention process” (Soma,
It is this capability of the management to cultivate communication that is important towards effective engagement with the employee (Albrech, 2011). It is not just a one-sided affair of a company engaging employee, but also mutual loop where the employee is also engaging the company. After all, it takes two hands to clap. “Voice must be approached in a genuine and authentic way, and treated as more than just a cosmetic exercise. An authentic use of voice means that when the employee is invited to speak up, the company in return will both listen and will respond to what the employee says, even if just to explain why they cannot carry out a request for change. Feedback is vital and action must be seen to follow.” (Dromey et al, 2012, p.17).
Given the purpose of the study - which is to investigate how the academic and the administrative staff at Greek Universities manage their emotions relating to lay-offs of their colleagues and in what way the media coverage is related to these emotions – it is appropriate to assume a theoretical framework based on bureaucracy and emotional labour. Emotional labour has been defined as ‘the effort, planning and control needed to express organizationally desired emotion during interpersonal transaction (Morris and Feldman, 1996, p. 987).
Psychological contract is the unwritten contract that illustrates a set of expectations exists between the individual and the organisation (Sonnenberg et al, 2011). Svensson & Wolven (2010) point out that it can be a relationship between the members of a group, the people who work in the same company, department or organisation, several groups or parties in an organization, etc. It includes the work performance requirement, job security, training, potential development, compensation and subside. Psychological contracts are the mental representation based on belief or perception, so it may help the employees and employers get rid of a complicated employment relationship. For instance, the employees and employers may understand very clearly about the terms and conditions and what they have been agreed upon. The perception of each individual is very important and essential (Ekelund et al, 2010, 1438). Thus, when they work in a high competitive group, it could motivate them to implement their work consciously. Combined with a few exceptions, some researches cite that psychological contract is only regarding to the employee–manager relation and the term that mostly...
In today’s world the term called as “ATTRITION” is familiar to each and every person working in the corporate world. Attrition or simply called as employee turnover refers to the reduction of work force in an organization due to resignations, retirement, sickness, or death. It is mostly unpredictable in nature. The cause of attrition can be voluntary as well as involuntary. Each industry has its own standards for acceptable attrition rates, and these rates are likely to differ between skilled and unskilled positions of employee. Since in every kind of organization there has been an expenses related with the training of new employee, any kind of employee turnover will lead ultimately to the monetary cost.
Labor laws, wage disparities, intense competition and fluctuating currency values are the challenges that are making organizations worldwide to compete in marketplace with products requiring a great deal of labor, and it is now getting harder for some of these organizations to maintain employees abroad. As Mello (p. 610) mentioned that a greater percentage of United States workforces are moving their operations abroad to developing nations like China and leaving an increasing number of United States domestic workers without employment. The foreign markets for the products and services are not the only things enticing these organizations to enter these global marketplaces. There are other reasons these companies are joining the global market arenas. For example, the foreign labor markets, this has attracted interest in many organizations to expand globally (Gersten, 1991). The labor force growth rates in developing nations alone will continue expanding by approximately 700 million people by the year 2010, while the United States labor force will continue to grow by only 25 million. This shows that United States’ growth rate will drop and the opportunities for productivity growth rate will increase in developing countries.
Gibson, J.W. & Hodgetts, R. (1991). Organization communication: A Managerial Perspective. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
yes but the level appears that the level of satisfaction from employees with their place of employment seem to be dropping because of pay and promotion. Pay and Promotion are some of the major factors when an employee becomes unsatisfied with their position at their place of employment. Many employers are expecting more work from employees and are not being valued with more money or a more value based title. This is where Organizational commitment falls in an employee may feel the need to be committed to an organization based on the employee’s attachment to the place of employment. Many places of employment are now trying to see how they can better their place of employment for employees in order for them to be more committed to the organization. At my job we now have employment satisfaction surveys that come out every six months for employees. In these surveys the employee must answer a series of questions pertaining to how they feel about the job and its environment. This is an excellent way for the employees to voice their concerns as well as have the company listen to their concerns. This was also seen in the textbook and explained, Effective commitment is an emotional attachment to the organization and a belief in its values; while she disliked the job for whatever reasons, she did like her coworkers and had formed genuine friendships, so it was harder for her to exit because she had an emotional attachment to the
Within the last decade, society has seen an alarming transformation in the efforts of effective communication. These changes have been both positive as well as negative. Influential leaders in the civilian sector, as well as the military, have found themselves dealing with either internal or external issues on a daily basis. Value-based leadership, self-reflections, and communication: these three terms are the guiding principles that can successfully rebuild today’s labor force. Wrongful communication tactics can leave behind an echo effect, damaging a company 's status permanently as information nowadays is persistent, retrievable and ubiquitous (Zamani, Giaglis, & Kasimati, 2015).
Communication is not just about exchanging information. It 's about understanding the emotional and intentions behind the information. (Lawrence Robinson et al. 2016). Effective communication is indispensable in an organizational context, but it is not easy to achieve. First, I will talk about my own experience about the poor communication as a trainee in a security company. Then, there are several ways to prove that promote dialogue is important in the organization context, like the advantages of promoting dialogue, and poor communication will lead to some business problems. Finally, when we worked in an international company in our home country or aboard or across countries, effective intercultural communication is