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Reflection on counseling
Reflection on counseling
Personal philosophy on counseling
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Body image disturbance, or BID, can have negative effects on individuals and can be found among many different ages of women. In fact, BID can even be found in girls as young as age seven. Many negative effects have been attributed to BID, such as increased anxiety, stress, and depression, which can cause issues both psychologically and physically (Devaraj & Lewis, 2010). Therefore, there is a need to help women combat these negative effects of body image disturbance and help maintain a more positive body image.
Body image disturbance can be defined as a maladaptive internalization of an individual's weight, shape, and/or appearance, usually involving any combination of attitudinal, behavioral, and perceptual components (Bhatnagar, Wisniewski, Solomon, & Heinberg, 2013). The attitudinal component consists of beliefs about appearance and body satisfaction, and the behavioral component consists of the frequency of behaviors related to management of weight or avoidance. Furthermore, the perceptual component consists of the levels of accuracy estimating body shape and size (Bhatnagar et al., 2013). If symptoms of BID are left untreated, it has been found that there is a possibility for BID to worsen and develop into an eating disorder.
Research has shown that there is a strong connection between eating pathology and BID. Furthermore, BID is issued as a diagnostic criterion for both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (Bhatnagar et al., 2013). There is a critical role of poor body image on both the onset and maintenance of eating disorders. Researchers have also found that elevated levels of BID are related to poorer responses to treatment and higher rates of relapse in individuals diagnosed with eating disorders. By confronting an...
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Vogel, D., Wade, N., & Hackler, A. (2007). Perceived public stigma and the willingness to seek counseling: The mediating roles of self-stigma and attitudes toward counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 40-50. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.40
Vogel, D., & Wester, S. (2003). To seek help or not to seek help: The risks of self disclosure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 351-361. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.50.3.351
Vogel, D., Wester, S., Wei, M., & Boysen, G. (2005). The role of outcome expectations and attitudes on decisions to seek professional help. Journal of Counseling Psychology,
52, 459-470. doi: 10.1037/022-0167.52.4.459
Wester, S., Vogel, D., O'Neil, J., & Danforth, L. (2012). Development and evaluation of the Gender Role Conflict Scale Short Form (GRCS-SF). Journal of Men and Masculinity, 13,199-210. doi: 10.1037/a0025550
Hudson JI, Hiripi E, Pope HG, Kessler RC. The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Biological Psychiatry. 2007; 61:348-58.
Lanier, S.H., Mott, J.M., Ready, D.J., Sutherland, R.J., & Williams, W. (2012). A Pilot Study of
Reas, D., Rø, O., Karterud, S., Hummelen, B., & Pedersen, G. (2013). Eating disorders in a large
Over the years the rise in body image dissatisfaction has grown as both male and female progress to adulthood. This factor can be contributed to societal standards that the media presents to the public daily. These standards continue to rise making the body image more difficult to attain. With these standards comes the push to seek the “perfect body”. This myth of true beauty commonly found in today’s society, is the price that adolescents buy into often sacrificing their health. The perfect body can often present a distorted view of one-self leading to unhealthy methods of weight reduction. The most common methods for weight reduction are the diseases Anorexia and Bulimia. The similarities and differences between Anorexia and Bulimia will be used to prove that the society’s pressure to fit a certain mold contribute to the onset of the disease.
Sroufe. L. A., Egeland, B. E., Carlson, E. A., & Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the
Step 3 is defining the evaluation objective, which is “a general statement that conveys the purpose of the planned study in precise terms” (DiClemente et al., 2013, pp. 300). Goals are more manageable when evaluation objectives are precise and contain applicable information. This ensures that the e...
In civilized societies, there are continuous prizing of thinness than ever before. Occasionally, almost everyone is watchful of their weight. Individuals with an eating disorder take extreme measures to concern where they ultimately shift their mode of eating, this abnormal eating pattern threatens their lives and their well-being. According to Reel (2013), eating disorders are continually misapprehended as all about food and eating. However, there is more to that as the dysfunction bears from emotion concealing a flawed relationship with food, physical exercise and oneself. Persons with eating disorders convey fault-finding, poor self- esteem and intense body discontent. This can lead to extreme distress of gaining weight,
Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and compulsive over-eating are extremely serious illnesses that must be recognized before they can be treated. The media is blamed for so many distorted images of the body. People are beginning to refuse the idea, however, that thinner is better. Body shapes are known to go in and out of style. In the 1800s, plumpness was a sign of wealth and class. Thinness became a sign of beauty in the 1970s with the British super-model Twiggy. There are many treatments for eating disorders today. One of the hopes of many psychologists is that humans will begin to feel happy about the way they are, even if it is a little bigger than the media portrays as ideal.
Body image is the perception, both thoughts, and feelings concerning an individual’s physical appearance. Research has suggested that exposure to an ideal standard of what it may mean to be beautiful is the norm for the media to expose a woman to. The results of an idea of feminine beauty can be disastrous for women, leading to depression, and an unrealistic body image. According to Posavac & Posavac in the article titled Reducing the Impact of Media Images on Women at Risk for Body Image Disturbance: Three Targeted Interventions...
Phillips D.. Rejection: A Possible Consequence of Seeking Help for Mental Disorders [Electronic Version] American Sociological Review Vol. 28, No. 6 (Dec., 1963), pp. 963-972
A recent study shows that women’s body dissatisfaction is influenced by peer competition with others rather than depictions of women in the media. Muoz and Ferguson (2012) developed a study in order to further understand the influence of inter-peer pressure on body dissatisfaction. Body dissatisfaction refers to any "negative self-evaluation of one’s own appearance and the desire to be more physically attractive. " The problem of body image has long been shown to be a concern for the American Psychiatric Association or APA, (Muoz & Ferguson, 2012, p. 383). It raises so much concern because an unsatisfying body image has been known to cause problems such as eating disorders, depression and self-esteem.
Rosser, J, Lynch, P., Cuddihy, L., Gentile, D., Klonsky, J., & Merrel, R. (2007). The impact of
Self - Disclosure should be used in discretion and accurate sense of timing. Therapeutic self – disclosure
Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa are described as psychological eating disorders (Keel and Levitt, 1). They are both characterized by an over-evaluation of weight. Despite being primarily an eating disorder, the manifestations of bulimia and anorexia are different. They both present a very conspicuous example of dangerous psychological disorders, as according to the South Carolina Department of Health, “Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness” (Eating Order Statistics, 1). While Bulimia and anorexia are both psychological disorders primarily prevalent in women, anorexia tends to have different diagnostic complexities, symptoms and physiological effects as compared to bulimia.
[1] Goldratt, Eliyahu M. and Cox, Jeff (2004). The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement. Retrieved from http:// ishare.edu.sina.com.cn