Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Biological Psychology, Ch. 7
Essays on the history of psychology
Essays on the history of psychology
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Biological Psychology, Ch. 7
Psychology explores human behavior and the human mental process figuring ways to improve the thinking and attitude of an individual’s existence. Sometimes, different techniques are used and tried to properly resolve the problem within the multitude of possible behavioral issues. Moreover, Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, developed many theories, psychodynamic therapy, for clinically treating people with mental health problems through their unconscious mind; Then, Sigmund Freud’s theories or therapy, rather, diverged into other types of therapies such as Biological Psychology or Cognitive Psychology. No doubt, there are various perspectives, both strong and weak, in the field of Psychology using different techniques on different types of behavior to search for the accurate answer.
To begin, the psychodynamic approach to aiding human behavior appears to have many advantages and sounds like a great idea; however, the psychodynamic therapy has its weakness’. For example, Freud commits a hasty generalization to the world in his evidence; a large portion of the evidence for the psychodynamic theories is taken from Freud's case studies, but the case studies are created through the detailed study of one person and his patients who were mostly middle aged women from Vienna (McLeod). Because the case study is particular to a certain person and it’s difficult to control variables such a memory or relationship, the data is held unreliable. In other words, Freud’s studies are extremely biased, and it is impossible to create theories off of a few subjective cases. With the biased factor in mind:
the psychodynamic approach says an individual’s behavior is a direct result of his or her subconscious mind which is greatly impact...
... middle of paper ...
...here are amplitudes of advantages and disadvantages regarding the different types of therapies, in reality, it is about which therapy accommodates the individual best.
Works Cited
Bea, Scott M. “A primer on referring patients for psychotherapy.” The Cleveland Clinic Journal
of Medicine 69.2 (2002): 113-127. Web.
Cardwell, Mike, and Cara Flanagan. Approaches in Psychology. Ireland: Folens Publishers Ltd,
2009. Web.
Corr , Philip J. Understanding Biological Psychology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.
Web.
Gilbert, Dan. “What are the biggest issues in psychology today?” Big Think, 2007. Web. 8
March, 2012.
McLeod, Saul A. Psychodynamic Approach. Simply Psychology, 2007. Web. 5 March, 2012.
Sammon, Aidan. Psychodynamic approach: the basics. psychlotron.org.uk, N.D. Web. 5
March, 2012.
Searle, JR. Mind. New York: Press, 2004. Web.
Psychology comprises of two words originally used by the ‘Greeks’, ‘psyche’, defining the mind, soul or spirit and lastly ‘logos’ being study. Both words define together the ‘study of the mind’. Psychology perspectives evaluate the normal and abnormal behaviour and how persons’ deal with different concepts of issues and problems. Psychology theories’ are based on ‘common sense’, but its scientific structure, everything needs to be evaluated and tested, therefore, promoting different psychological theories’.
Psychodynamic approaches often come under a lot of criticism as they fail to be explicit about the underlying bases of the theory. Cognitive theories are not very comfortable with explaining emotions and behavioural theories have difficulty explaining the mechanisms of improvements.
The Psychodynamic Theory has not proven itself to be very effective. It helps people more when it is paired with other approaches, and is now the starting point, or basis, in other types of therapy (Comer, 2011).
In Psychology, various different explanations of behaviour and the intellect have been presented and debated over the years such as the psychodynamic, behavioral, biological and humanistic approach. The biological approach aims to provide explanation is concerned with how behaviour is affected by physiological systems and mechanisms (Barnes, 2013). This approach assumptions usually explore physiological and evolutionary explanations to behaviour. In opposition to this, the Psychoanalytic approach presents an explanation to psychological occurrence by exploring
and the mind drives human beings act the way they do. The three perspectives of psychology
Therapies in psychology continue to grow, evolve and change for the benefit of the patient. Past treatments have been used a building blocks to advance the value of each previous psychoanalysis. The past cures or studies are known as structuralism, functualism, behaviorism, gestalt psychoanalysis, and psychoanalysis and in the future we will look bad seed syndrome.
The term psychology has many meanings to different people, even to those who work within the psychological field. The word psychology derives from two Greek roots; 'psyche' refers to 'soul' or 'mind' and logo refers to 'the study of'. A more update definition of the word psychology can be found from Atkinson, et al (1991) “The scientific study of behaviours and mental processes.” However on Google Definitions the definition of psychology is “the mental characteristics and attitudes of a person” [accessed 16 September 2011], which gives somewhat of a contradiction. In this assignment I will be outlining and evaluating four key psychological perspectives. The psychological perspectives I have chosen are the behavioural approach, biological approach, cognitive approach and the psychodynamic approach.
Science “… assumes that the universe is, as its name implies, a vast single system in which the basic rules are everywhere the same” (Rutherford & Ahlgren, 1990). This quote implies that for a subject to be considered a science, all of its concepts must be of similar origin. For the case of Psychology, this is not true; however, Psychology is, in fact, a mature paradigmatic science which consists of one paradigm and resulted in a revolutionary change. Psychology consists of many different schools of thought which supports the notion, previously mentioned, that reinforces that it is not a very mature science. Behaviorism, Gestalt, Psychoanalysis and Functionalism are the schools of thought of Psychology. Each of these schools of thought demonstrates multidimensional perceptions by which displays the emergent and transformed way of thinking over the years. The schools of thought not only governs the belief of Psychologists but it also exhibits the lack of one absolute way of looking or solving something. Psychology consists of several branches of theories and concepts which leads to complexities, unlike Biology and Chemistry which have one consistent solution. Psychology, nevertheless, has a paradigm: Behaviorism. Cognitive Psychology stems from Behaviorism, which lead to a revolutionary change. The evidence displayed throughout this paper will support this proposition.
Sigmund Freud was a very intriguing man; his philosophies and ideas have contributed in today’s medical as well as mental practices in various ways. Freud was a trendsetter when it came to psychoanalytic, and his theories as well as his practices changed the world of psychology, and some of his ideas may have caused controversy in the public views yet it doesn’t change the fact that Freud open the doors to future psychology professionals in abundance. In this paper I will discuss Freud’s Origins and education. I will also summarize his career on the development of psychoanalysis. Last but not least I will discuss his theories that have fallen out of favor with many modern psychologists as well as my believes in why did it occurred?
The psychodynamic approach lends itself to being a controversial yet highly influential theory in the history of psychology. The theory has become one of the most significant psychological approaches and its originator, Sigmund Freud, has become a major influence in modern psychology. The psychodynamic approach largely focuses on motivation and past experiences which develop and individual’s personality. Freud used the iceberg metaphor to outline the three states of consciousness and argued that only twenty percent of the mind represents the conscious. In addition he theorised that there was a pre-conscious mind which represents general memory. Finally, the unconscious mind which is essentially the reservoir of repressed or hidden experiences and desire.
Sigmund Freud created strong theories in science and medicine that are still studied today. Freud was a neurologist who proposed many distinctive theories in psychiatry, all based upon the method of psychoanalysis. Some of his key concepts include the ego/superego/id, free association, trauma/fantasy, dream interpretation, and jokes and the unconscious. “Freud remained a determinist throughout his life, believing that all vital phenomena, including psychological phenomena like thoughts, feelings and phantasies, are rigidly determined by the principle of cause and effect” (Storr, 1989, p. 2). Through the discussion of those central concepts, Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis becomes clear as to how he construed human character.
Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology; Science of Mind and Behaviour. (European Edition). New York.
The first theory Psychodynamic theory presented by Sigmund Freud, is based on how a person’s self-awareness and understanding of the past on present behavior. Psychody...
In this therapeutic approach, he outlines that the therapist and the patient must collectively work together to bring the contents of the patients unconscious into the patient’s conscious awareness. When the patient’s unconscious conflicts are evoked, the therapist helps the patient deal with them positively. Freud was extremely influential in shaping the public view of psychology. Many of his ideas and contributions are cannot be tested using scientific methods, but psychologists widely accept the idea of unconscious mental processes. What people personally go though is extremely important in the study of psychology. ( Grison, Heatherton, Gazzaniga ,2015)
Personality is an individual’s characteristic pattern of feeling, thinking and acting. Psychodynamic theories of personality view human behavior as a dynamic interaction between the conscious mind and unconscious mind, including associated motives and conflicts (Myers & Dewall, pg# 572, 2015). These theories focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences. Psychodynamic theories are descended from Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis, which is his ideology of personality and the associated treatment techniques. Psychoanalysis attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. This theory also includes the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions. He proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. Freud’s historically significant psychoanalytic theory became part of the human cultural legacy.