What is the reason behind certain behavior of an individual? What initiates an individual to do something either that is good or bad? How do people succeed in reaching goal? These questions certainly deal with motivation as motivation provides base for a person’s action, desires and needs. Motivation encourages us to move towards certain goals that may be due to rewards, incentives, and or driving forces. It is a presumed internal or external force that energizes or encourages certain actions. For instance, a baby eats a whole glass of milk after the mother promises to provide a candy bar afterwards. Thus, motivation is an activating action that stimulates people to do something. In general motivation is the process of starting, directing and …show more content…
These theories are evolved to identify and explain the need that influences the human behavior. It is focused to answer these main questions: what forces within people, or within their environment, leads to motivation? What process of the mechanism are involved in motivational behavior? Most of the general theories of motivation emphasizes four basic qualities i.e. activating- which stimulates us to do something, directive- which guides our behavior towards meeting specific goals or needs, sustaining- which helps us to sustain behaviors until we reach our goals and motivating- motives that differs in strength depending on the person and situation. According to an article on Cherry (2016), the researchers have developed a number of theories to describe motivation and each individual theories tends to be rather limited in a scope. The Humanistic theories of motivation are based on the idea that people also have strong cognitive reasons to act in order to meet their needs, which is illustrated in Abraham Maslow 's hierarchy of needs which presents different motivations at different levels. According to the Drive theory of motivation, people are motivated to take certain actions that is caused by unmet needs. For example, you might be motivated to drink a glass of water in order to reduce the …show more content…
It is mainly essential in the workplace, it is helpful also in leadership. For example, you might be motivated to go to work each day for the monetary reward of being paid. The expectancy theory of motivation suggests that when we are think of future, we develop expectations. We want positive outcome. We want to make the future as imagined which leads people to feel more motivated to pursue those likely outcomes. According to Sarah Grison, Michael S. Gazzaniga (Psychology in your life, page no-317), Motivation has two different theories i.e. intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic means internal desire to find out new things and challenges, to observe and to gain knowledge and to analyze one’s capacity. Such motivation is long-lasting and self -sustaining. It is a natural motivational tendency and is an important element in cognitive, social, and physical development. For example, a girl loves dancing because she enjoys dancing which motivates her to participate in dance competitions. Extrinsic motivation is usually the external forces that influences somebody to do something. Rewards and punishments are the extrinsic motivation. John participated in dance just to win the trophy is an example of extrinsic
The first of the three, intrinsic motivation, explains that the individual does something purely out of enjoyment, and that the activity is gratifying in itself. Vallerand and O’Connor (1989) came up with a three part grouping of intrinsic motivation. There is intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation, which is doing something for the sensory pleasure it brings, like a person parachuting because they enjoy the sensation of falling through the air. Intrinsic motivation to know relates to doing an activity in order to learn. A person taking an online class to learn more on that field shows off this type of motivation. The last part of intrinsic motivation is to accomplish. This refers to an individual performing an activity for the pleasure of achievement, creating, or to surpass oneself. When a person is focused more on the process of achievement rather than the actual achievements results, they are intrinsically motivated through accomplishment (Vallerand and Grouzet, 2001). Extrinsic motivation is present whenever there some kind of external factors waiting for the individual at the end of the activity. There are four different forms of extrinsic motivation, which are defined by the degree to which the motivation is self-determined (Lapointe and Perreault, 2013). First of the four is integrated regulation, which means an individual joined
The author trusts that all humans have some level of motivation as long as they exist. In turn, there are several well-known classic approaches that consider motivation such as instinct, drive reduction, arousal, incentive, and humanistic approaches. It is beyond the scope of this paper to describe all in detail, but a brief synopsis of each follows: (1) Instinct approach theorists suggest that humans have many diverse instincts that are biologically determined and cause innate patterns of behaviors such as reproducing, territorial protection, curiosity, acquisition, and fight, flight or freeze to name a few (McDougall, 1908). (2) Drive-reduction theory proposes that individuals have needs that are essential for survival and this need cause a tension to act called a drive. These drives entail primary drives for physical needs such as water and food, and acquired drives realized through conditioning or experience such as the need for income or social acceptance; whereas, one must meet the need to reduce the drive to return to a state of homeostasis (Hull, 1943). (3) Theorists who support an Arousal approach believe that humans are motivated by stimulation and people develop an optimal level of stimulus tension; whereas, task performances may suffer if the level is too high such as severe test anxiety or even too low such as boredom
The author trusts that all humans have some level of motivation as long as they exist. In turn, there are several well-known classic approaches that consider motivation such as instinct, drive reduction, arousal, incentive, and humanistic approaches. It is beyond the scope of this paper to describe all in detail, but a brief synopsis of each follows: (1) Instinct approach theorists suggest that humans have many diverse instincts that are biologically determined and cause innate patterns of behaviors such as reproducing, territorial protection, curiosity, acquisition, and fight, flight or freeze to name a few (McDougall, 1908). (2) Drive-reduction theory proposes that individuals have needs that are essential for survival and this need cause a tension to act called a drive. These drives entail the primary drives for physical needs (water and food) and the acquired drives learned through experience or conditioning (need for money or social approval); whereas, one must meet the need to return to a state of homeostasis (Hull, 1943). (3) Theorists who support an Arousal approach believe that humans are motivated by stimulation and people develop an optimal level of stimulus tension; whereas, task performances may suffer if the level is too high such as severe test anxiety or even too low such as boredom (Teigen, 1994). (4) Incentive
Motivation is to understand what causes behaviour, what starts the behaviour, why a person does something and why the behaviour stops and what are the forces that determine behaviour’s intensity. There are different types of motivation that influences us from day to day and they have different effects from a short term to long term. As human beings we are inspired in different ways to different motivations. There are two main different types of motivations: Intrinsic motivation and Extrinsic motivation. Sciberras (Lecture 2013-2014).
Once stated by Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” The aforementioned ideology places an emphasis on an individual’s internal desires, rather than an outside/external force driving the individual’s consciousness (cognitive evaluation.) Therefore intrinsic motivation is one in which an individual 's own desire comes from within; a relentless and genuine passion for an intended goal. On the contrary, when an individual relies on external factors such as, a reward or any other form of external reinforcement, an extrinsic motivation is exhibited. Although society likes to stress the importance in pursuing an internal motivation, in today 's modern world, an extrinsic factor far outweighs an internal desire to accomplish an objective.
motivation is a behavior that makes people want to struggle all the time until he or she achieved the things that they all wanted. motivation can be divided into two ways, intrinsic and extrinsic. the intrinsic one usually comes from his or her desire and this method is really proven that it can possibly achieved if this intrinsic method is used because we do not need to rely on people around like friends mostly. the extrinsic one is the reversal from the intrinsic that we rely on the people who taught us to be motivated and this method quite or often proven or succeed because human also need a help each other.
Motivation can be divided into two different categories, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation can be describe as a motivation to perform a task for the sake of experiencing the pleasure, joys and satisfaction rather than the desire to achieve external reward (Deci, Connel and Ryan, 1989). While extrinsic motivation is describe as a motivation to engage in an acti...
Going forward, it is recommended to take the positive aspects of all the theories of motivation and adopt what works. In terms of expanding the studies on motivation one must consider other theorists such as Carl Rogers in a humanistic approach and as previously mentioned, trait theorists such as Raymond Cattel and Hans Eysenk to establish a more scientific and accurate results in measuring motivation and testing personality differences.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67. Retrieved from http://mmrg.pbworks.com/f/Ryan,+Deci+00.pdf
Intrinsically motivated behaviors are those that one does for enjoyment of the activity itself. There is no external reward for these behaviors, and it is seen as a prototype for autonomous behaviors. Extrinsically motivated behaviors are those that one does to illicit a direct consequence. In some cases, one might behave a certain way to avoid punishment, or alternatively, to receive a reward. Most people are extrinsically motivated to go to work every day. There are four different types of extrinsic motivation: External, introjected, identified, and integrated. For certain activities, Amotivation can occur, which usually has negative effects. This occurs when people’s needs aren’t being satisfied by whatever they are doing. Each of the types of motivation can be located on The Self-Determination
According to Robert E. Quinn(p.205) there are two types of motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic). Extrinsic motivation refers to the source of motivation in which the behavior concern external factors such as money, praise or rewards. Whereas intrinsic motivation is the behavior which is internally concerning an individual.
Motivation is key in the workplace. It is developed from the collaboration of both conscious and unconscious principles such as the strength of desire or need, motivating force or reward estimation of the objective, and desires of the person and of his or her peers/co-workers. These elements are the reasons one has for carrying on a specific way. An illustration is an understudy that invests additional energy contemplating for a test since he or she needs a superior review in the class. The Inside and outside principles that animate want and vitality in individuals to be constantly intrigued and centered around their work, part or subject, or to try to achieve an objective.
Motivation is not only the outcome of single or few factors; rather it is the result of the interaction of both unconscious and conscious types of factor lying deep inside of an individual ("What is the motivation? Definition and meaning"). The interaction between these factors motivates or de-motivates an individual to a greater extent. To take an example, these factors can be the dedication or the commitment that an individual have towards the goal attainment, the level to which an individual values the reward, and the level to which an individual perceives that he or she is treated equally as with his or her peers. Out of all, this paper talks about the expectation factor that an individual has in his or her mind which motivates or
Intrinsic Motivation is an inner desire involving one’s interest and develops it to one’s capacities and satisfying the psychological needs that is autonomy, competence and relatedness. These are support from one’s relationships and the environment.
The concept of motivation is not easy to be grasped, especially in terms of defining it because, it is not something touchable that people or researchers can give it an exact definition which covers all its aspects. All the definitions presented are different views of scholars and researchers who try as much as they can to offer an exact and clear definition and they still try to do that. Here in this chapter we are going to present some scholars views and opinions to know a little about that concept and what do they think it means;