Compare The Three Models Of Decision Making As Articulated By Allison Case Study

1) Compare the three models of decision making as articulated by Allison. What are the components, assumptions, and applications of each? Which is most useful for organizational administration and leadership? Why? Finally, how could “group think” influence decision making in an organization?

The three models of decision making according to Allison are the rational model, the organizational process model, and the government and politics models. The rational model is when within the organization context, decision making is the process where decisions are made based on research and action. This is all done to achieve a goal. This model states that there are five phases of decision making; pre analysis phase, analytic phase, design phase,

Active listening is “an approach to listening that involves one person on the receiving end on the communication engaging in a series of conscious actions intended to clarify and confirm the meaning of the message being received.” (Denhardt, pg. 287) An active listener shows that they are understanding of what it going on and that they are fully engaged in the conversation. There are seven principles of effective listening. These principles are (1) have a reason or purpose for listening, (2) suspend judgment initially, (3) resist distractions, (4) wait before responding, (5) rephrase what you hear in your own words, (6) seek important themes, and (7) use the thinking-speak differential (Denhardt, pg. 287).

Written communication and organizational writing has the advantage of permanence. This can be used to set agendas and get a point across. There are sometimes when organization writing can be used in a negative way, along in a positive way. Formal memos may be appropriate if you need to set rules or enforce office behavior and policy. Email is a strong tool now used by businesses and organizations as a tool of communication. Email can be used to inform people and update