Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Volume of a Gas
Aim: To investigate the effect of temperature on the volume of a gas,
given that the pressure acting on the gas is fixed.
Hypothesis: According to CharlesÂ’s Law, the volume of a given amount
of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature when the
pressure is constant. Thus, it is expected that as the temperature of
the gas increases, its volume will increase also at a constant rate.
When the temperature is increased, the particles in the gas gain more
kinetic energy and as a result, the particles move faster and quicker
and thus, the particles bombard each other more frequently. Because of
this, the pressure exerted by the gas on its surroundings increase,
creating an increase in the volume of the gas.
Variables:
* Input(Independent): Temperature T/°C
* Output(dependent): length of air column, L/cm
* Controlled Variables: pressure and mass of gas inside capillary
tube.
Materials Needed:
Clamp Stand
Beaker 500ml
Distilled water
Bunsen burner
30 cm ruler
Concentrated Sulfuric acid
Glass tube
Syringe needle
Thermometer
Method:
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* Heat the end of the glass tube so as to close it. The tubeÂ’s end
will melt and close. Make sure the end is blocked very well.
* Using a syringe needle, inject approximately 1cm³ of Sulfuric acid
into the blocked glass tube. Refer to the diagram.
* Inject the Sulfuric acid gradually, creating an air column as
shown in the above diagram.
* Be careful, Sulfuric acid is a dangerous dehydrating agent that
will burn your skin.
* Measure the diameter of the glass tubeÂ’s opening.
* Once this is done, set up the clamp stand and beaker as shown in
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