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lab report abstract on heat capacity of metals
lab report to determine the specific heat capacity of a liquid
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Objective:
The purpose of this lab was to calculate the specific heat of a metal cylinder
Procedure:
1. The 100ml Graduated cylinder was filled with water and a rubber stopper.
2. The metal was placed in the Graduated cylinder, water displacement was found.
3. The beaker was filled with water and the metal was placed in the water.
4. The Bunsen burner was lit.
5. The water in the beaker was boiled using the Bunsen burner.
6. The Styrofoam cup was filled with approximately 100ml of water.
7. The temperature of the water in the Styrofoam cup was found.
8. The temperature of the boiling water was found.
9. The thermometer was cooled.
The metal cylinder was removed from the boiling water and placed in the Styrofoam cup using tongs.
The temperature of the water and the metal cylinder was measured.
Theory:
Theory of Water of Displacement: A volume of water was measured. A second volume of water was measured when the metal cylinder was added. The initial volume was subtracted from the second (total) volume to get the volume of the metal cylinder.
D=M/V M=DV therefore: M=D(T-I)
q=M½DT½Cp qgained=qlost
qmetal=Mmetal(Ti-Tf)Cpmetal qH2O=(DH2OV)(Tf-Ti)CpH2O qmetal=qH2O
therefore:
Mmetal(Ti-Tf)Cpmetal=(DH2OV)(Tf-Ti)CpH2O CpH2O=4.
The crucible and cover were placed on the triangle, and they were heated until they turned red hot. Afterwards, they were removed from the fire with the tongs and placed on the wire gauze to cool for ten minutes. Then, the mass of the crucible and cover was measured and recorded in the data
5.) One at a time, place your test tubes in the water bath and heat the first test tube to 25 , the second to 50 , the third to 75, and the last to 100 degrees c. Remeber to stir with your stirring rod every so often.
Thermodynamics is essentially how heat energy transfers from one substance to another. In “Joe Science vs. the Water Heater,” the temperature of water in a water heater must be found without measuring the water directly from the water heater. This problem was translated to the lab by providing heated water, fish bowl thermometers, styrofoam cups, and all other instruments found in the lab. The thermometer only reaches 45 degrees celsius; therefore, thermodynamic equations need to be applied in order to find the original temperature of the hot water. We also had access to deionized water that was approximately room temperature.
One tablet (ibuprofen) was crushed using mortar and pestle. It is then put into the flask. The content was stirred using a glass stirring rod.
On the lid of the calorimeter, there were two holes and one was being used for the thermometer, and the second one was left open. This hole could have let heat to escape as the reaction was taking place which would have lowered the final temperature value. These conditions would have led to a lower final temperature value. To prevent even the slightest anomalies in the future, any holes on the calorimeter can be covered by tape or another item that could block the passage. The top of the calorimeter could also be covered with aluminum and this would not only cover the holes but would secure the space under the lid so any heat that may escape would stay within the area due to the aluminum. Aluminum could also be tucked in the space between the lid and the calorimeter to once again lock the heat in. This way, the calorimeter will be more effective and maintain all the heat of the reaction resulting in values that are completely accurate and decreasing even the slightest
The purpose of this experiment was to make an object buoyant by adding a sufficient amount of extra volume to displace the water necessary.
8. Continue to heat the crucible, occasionally lifting the lid with tongs to provide oxygen for the reaction
6. Place the test tube in the beaker. Secure the test tube and thermometer to the retort stand using clamps. Begin heating the water bath gently.
After finishing the trials, our group subtracted the mass of the glassware without water from the mass of the glassware with water in order to find the mass of the water in grams. Then, we divided the mass of the water by the density(g/cm^3) of the water in order to find the volume (mL). An example calculation from the 5.00mL pipet is: (4.9285mL+4.8839mL+4.9367mL+4.9265mL+4.9134mL)/5 = 4.9178. In most cases, the temperature of the water was around 23 degrees celsius, making the density about .998408 g/cm^3 for many of the trials. The densities we used were found online. The next calculations we performed were to determine the average volume of the water in each person’s five trials by adding up all of the volumes(mL) and dividing that number by five. Using the average volume, we then calculated the
to be done. This was to find out what amount of each liquid would be
Remove the metal object from the first beaker and insert it into the second one.
Obtain a sample of metal that has been immersed in boiling water and place it in the cup of water.
5. A second test tube was then filled with water and placed in a test
...inty between 1.0% (0.1/10.00*100) and 2.13% in the measured volume and 0.1/4.70*100). We also used a digital thermometer that allowed us to read the temperature readings from five degrees celcius to eighty degrees celcius. Since the digital thermometer have an absolute accuracy of plus or minus one degree celcius, it gives a percent uncertainty between 0.125 % (0.1 / 5.00 * 100) and 0.2 % (0.1/ 80.0 * 100). One of the difficulties we faced during the lab is reading the inverted graduated cylinder. To account for the inverse meniscus, we subtracted 0.2 mL from all the volumetric measurements to account for that. Volumetric uncertainty is the most important in determining the accuracy of this experiment since we are constantly checking for the volume throughout the lab. It also is the factor that gives the highest percent uncertainty out of all the instruments used.
Part A of the experiment, we were measuring the density of water. In this part, we measured by difference by measuring the mass of the empty graduated cylinder which was 46.35 grams and then added 25.0 milliliters of water to it. When subtracting by difference, our mass of the water was 25.85 grams. This was close to the measurements of the water added to the graduated cylinder. The density of the water was 1.0 grams/milliliters.