According to Jane Ogden, “Health behaviours are regarded as any behaviour that is related to the health status of the individual.” These behaviours can have either a negative or positive impact on health. Behaviours which may have a positive impact include: working out daily at the gym, having regular dental check-ups or having a breast ultrasound to make sure there are no lumps in the breasts. Negative behaviours which impact health include: eating high sodium foods, refusing to visit a physician when ill and drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. Prior to my readings on Heath Behaviours and Attitudes I never realised my husband I had negative behaviours which had the potential to impact our health outcomes. In this essay I will focus on these …show more content…
The model which I felt most applied to our situation was the Health Belief Model (HBM). HBM was developed by Rosenstock (1966) and further by Becker and colleagues throughout the 1970’s and 1980’s. The HBM was developed to help understand why people did not use preventative services offered by public health departments in the 1950’s. It theorises that people’s beliefs about whether or not they are at risk for a disease or health problem and their perceptions of the benefits of taking action to avoid it, influenced their readiness to take action. When I applied this theory to us I realized that neither I nor my husband thought we were at risk for any serious illness at any point. We felt there was really no benefit to be derived from going to the doctor if we were not seriously ill. We felt we would have wasted several hundred dollars for no reason when we were confident we could treat each other at home. Our cue to take action was severe pain in each case. I however agree with the criticisms of this model as it focuses several conscious steps an individual’s health behaviour may take. These include susceptibility to the illness, severity of the illness and costs of carrying out the behaviour along with other steps. However, neither my husband nor I was consciously practicing this behaviour. We were influenced by our social environment and I never realised how seriously this could impact our health outcomes. Pain in the stomach is almost always thought to be gas and not a potential sign of a heart attack. The mother of a close friend actually died of heart attack after drinking tea the entire day for what she actually thought was gas. The fact that an individual’s social environment has considerable impact on an individual’s is another criticism of HBM as it ignores this factor .HBM suggests that if an individual is at high risk for a
Personal health is extremely important to everyone around the world. But it is especially important to citizens of the United States of America. Being one of the leading countries in Health technology and also in food and beverage leaves most people choosing between living a healthy lifestyle and indulging in the varieties of food we offer. Across the country, many people are living with pre-existing conditions, living in food deserts, living below the poverty line and a long list of other factors that either hinders them from eating healthy or force them to eat healthily. When trying to live a healthy lifestyle in this country not only does the promotion of prevention matter, but also the promotion of Career and job opportunities matter just as much. In the United States, Money equals Power and money also equal the opportunity to create and live a healthier lifestyle.
Mr. A is burdened with both of these diseases and he may suffer from further complications in the future do to his condition. Public health education campaigns can inform Mr. A that he is experiencing a pre-contemplation behavioural stage in which he is not aware of a need to change his current lifestyle. As previously stated, the case shows that study Mr. A is not currently living a lifestyle that supports the management of his current health conditions. In conjunction with the transtheoretical theory, health campaigns can inform Mr A about his diagnosed conditions and encourage him to change his habits by understanding the 6 behavioural stages. Although the transtheoretical model of can be beneficial in educating Mr. A’s behaviour. Addition of maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory would yield a better outcome for Mr. A by explaining why he has not currently changed his behaviour. Communities can additionally help to support Mr. A by taking on the role of facilitating, participating, fundraising and volunteering in health promotions. With the amalgamation of the knowledge of behavioural theories, exposure to multimodal education campaigns and communities participating in health education interventions, Mr. A can be informed if his current health
The Health Belief Model is a framework that is used for understanding service user’s health behaviours. The Health Belief Model is based on believing that a service user will seek health care related action if they believe that they are at risk of developing a certain condition and also if they believe that they can successfully and confidently take action to avoid getting the condition. A conceptual framework that describes a person's health behavior as an expression of health beliefs. The model was designed to predict a person's health behavior, including the use of health services, and to justify intervention to alter maladaptive health behavior. www.medical-dictionary.com (accessed 1/11/2016).
People are psychologically influenced by what they see around them. Lissa Rankin, a writer for Psychology Today, said in her recent article The Nocebo Effect: Negative Thoughts Can Harm Your Health, “In another study, patients about to undergo surgery who were “convinced” of their impending death were compared to another group of patients who were merely “unusually apprehensive” about death. While the apprehensive bunch fared pretty well, those who were convinced they were going to die usually did. Similarly, women who believed they were prone to heart disease were four times more likely to die. It’s not because these women had poorer diets, higher blood pressure, higher cholesterol, or stronger family histories than the women who didn’t get heart disease. The only difference between the two groups was their beliefs” (Rankin). If a person is told that he or she is vulnerable to or diagnosed with conditions such as heart disease, that person becomes psychologically disturbed: possibly leading to them creating their own symptoms, often
As opposed to the 19th century where the prevalence of preventable infectious disease was the leading cause of mortality, we face a new challenge today: decreasing the occurrence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and strokes. Overwhelmingly so, cardiovascular disease remains the number one killer in the United States. This can be attributed to the state of poor psychological health and poor behavioral choices promoted by a variety of biological, psychological, and social influences. A healthier lifestyle is linked to a longer lifespan and better quality of life for an individual, so in order to promote a healthier lifestyle the dangers and risks of everyday life must be recognizable and approachable. Current questions I want to answer is; What is the most effective heart disease prevention, onset, and intervention methods? Looking through the biopsychosocial model scope is useful because it is a recent and practical framework to implement and operationalize.
In this essay, I will be using the understanding of two psycho-social theories, the theory of planned behavior and the health belief model, and the professional ethics to explain how it can lead to the development of concordant medicines-taking behavior in Amira Masood. Concordant is which doctor, pharmacist and patient agree therapeutic decisions that including their respective opinions, to a deeper understanding which extends from prescribing communication to patient support in medicine taking. (1) I will be also discussing the issues of consent and confidentiality arising in the case. The health belief model is comprising by four basic beliefs.
Health issues throughout the human lifespan are always hard to deal with. In this essay, I will give examples of different health issues that occur throughout the lifespan of a human. The seven different stages of a human’s lifespan include: infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. By the concluding paragraph of this essay, you will have gained knowledge of some of the health related issues of a given person throughout their lifespan.
“The health of individuals and populations is influenced and determined by many factors acting in various combinations. Healthiness, disease, disability and, ultimately, death are seen as the result of … human biology, lifestyle and environmental (e.g. social) factors…” (Mary Louise Fleming, 2009) There are many unchangeable contributing factors that play a role in a person’s health condition, this can be anything from the gender and location that they were born into, to genetic impairments and the lifestyle that their parents raised them in or even government policies; but for as many unchangeable factors, there are also changeable factors. In Mr. A’s case he was born from Pacific Islander descent, therefore it can be assumed that he was born into an obese family with little money, and was raised in poorer living conditions than the average Australian. Due to this, his health is expected to be worse that the average Australian because his social determinants make it so. He is now a full-grown man with a family, but still lives in problematic conditions due to his upbringing and culture along with the minimal to no levels of prevention shown. There are many risk factors that have affected Mr. A’s health due to the social determinants that he has been faced with such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, etc. There are also upstream and downstream factors affecting his health, “While upstream and midstream determinants influence the type, likelihood, number and severity of diseases that affect a person, downstream inequities come into play when a person becomes ill.” (AMA, 2007). These factors have had a major role in the result of his heart attack. Finally, his level of prevention exhibited is a key aspect on how much of an eff...
This model considers other aspects of an individual 's life such as their culture and environment. Unlike the biomedical model, the social model tries to prevent the disease in the first place, so it focuses more on educating people and health promotion. The biomedical looks at an individual’s physical disease but the social model also looks at a person’s well-being. According to Stephan Sutton, Andrew Baum and Marie Johnston (2004) the SAGE Handbook of Health psychology ‘a combination of high psychological demands, such as time pressure and low decision latitude increases the risk of psychophysiological stress reactions and subsequent ill
Aim of this paper is to examine and present the application of social cognition models in the prediction and alternation of health behavior. Social cognition models are used in health practices in order to prevent illness or even improve the health state of the individuals in interest, and protect their possibly current healthy state. This essay is an evaluation of the social cognition models when used to health behaviors. Unfortunately it is impossible to discuss extensively all the models and for this reason we will analyze three of the most representative cognitive models to present an integrated idea of their application.
The health of an individual and their communities is affected by several elements which combine together. Whether an individual is healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment.1 To a greater extent, factors such as where an individual lives, their relationships with family and friends, the state of their environment, income, genetics and level of education all have significant impacts on health, however the more frequently considered factors such as access and use of health care facilities regularly have less of an impact.6 Determinants of health is a term which was introduced in the 1970s as part of a broader analysis of research and policy on public health. Researchers argued that there was a lot of attention and too much expenditure on health being dedicated to individuals and their illnesses, and little or no investment in populations and their health. It was decided that public health should be more concerned with social policies and social determinants than with health facilities and the outcomes of diseases.7 The determinants of health include social and economic environment, physical environment and an individual’s behaviour and characteristics. The environment of an individual determines their health, holding responsible an individual for having poor health or acknowledging them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are not likely to be able to control several of the determinants of health. These determinants that make individuals healthy or not include the factors above, and numerous others.6
There are different issues that affect the health of people. Whether they become healthy is dependent on their situation and where they live. Factors including where we live, education, level of income, genetics, access to health care services and much more has a significant influence on our health. The determinants of health are factors which influence a person’s state of health.
Health promotion is the process of improving health status of a person and prevention of disease by enabling the person to take control of their health. It is not just the absence of disease (Maben, & Clark, 1995). Health promotion is commonly used term in health care world, and in current society the promotion of health has greater significance, especially with the rise in consumerism. Health promotion is a vital concept for nursing, symbolizing notions that nursing is related today. Nurses are being urged to take a health promotion role, and are deemed by others as an ideal role for them. It is therefore crucial that nurses cognize the meaning of health promotion and also what is expected from them by undertaking this
Health psychology is a relatively new concept rapidly growing and could be defined as the biological and psychological influences affect ones behaviour also bringing in social influences of health and illness (MacDonald, 2013). Biological determinants consider genetic and biological factors of an illness whereas psychological determinants focus on the psychological factors such as why people behave the way they do when dealing with issues such as anxiety and stress. Models such as the Health Belief Model and Locus of Control were developed in attempt to try and explain psychological issues around a chronic illness such as breast cancer (Ogden, 2012). Sociological factors can cause an enormous amount of pressure for one to behave in a certain way for example gender roles in society and religious considerations when dealing with health beliefs. Health Beliefs can be defined as one’s own perception to their own personal health and illness and health behaviours (Ogden, 2012). There are also theories and models used to explain pain and coping with diagnosis such as Moos and Schaefer (1984) Crisis theory and Shontz (1975) cycle of grief people go through when being diagnosed with a serious illness.
When people think of the term health most of the time people think of it in terms of the physical aspect. But, really the term health is made up from several different terms such as class, race, gender, education, and income which can all affect a person 's health in many different ways. A person 's health can be affected positively and negatively because of different social determinants.