Introduction
In this paper we will analyze an article about the population growth, written by Sanjeev Sanyal in 2011. We will start describing what the stages of the demographic transition are and we will focus on the third one that is the one analyzed in the article. As the main issue of the article is why population growth is declining in developing countries, we will analyze the link between development and population growth. We will take in account the policies that can be implemented to achieve the goal of controlling population growth. Related to this, we will particularly focus on China’s one-child police underlining what the problems linked to this policy are. As a final stage of our analysis we will take in account the role of developed countries in the demographic transition of developing ones.
Argument
The article written by Sanjeev Sanyal analyzes the fact that the forecasts about the population growth in 2050 are not reliable because they misrepresent the demographic dynamics.
In most countries, especially in developing ones, national censuses have revealed that fertility rates are plunging and that, reproductively speaking; our species should no longer be expanding. The TFR for most developed countries now stands well below replacement levels and the biggest TFR declines in recent years have been in developing countries. The article considers the particular case of India and China where an additional factor could depress future birth rates: the gender ratio at birth is higher for boys than girls and the future scarcity of women implies that both countries’ effective reproductive capacity is below what is suggested by the unadjusted TFR. Continuing on analyzing especially India and China the article tries to expl...
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... to care about. In fact, as we have seen, there is a strong relationship between development and population growth. To answer the previous question about why the total fertility rate is declining in developing countries, we have to say that the decline in the population growth is induced by the development but at the same by governmental policies that have the purpose of stimulating development. But even if these policies implemented by developing countries can lead to good results, it also important to consider what unwanted consequences may occur. China one-child-policy represents one the most extreme kind of policy that can be deployed and because of its extremisms it is starting to reveal all its weakness. This is way developed countries have the duty to be involved in developing countries demographic transition helping them finding the most effective solution.
In the 1950s the People’s Republic of China first implemented the beginnings of the one child policy. It made significant changes to the population and the nation’s growth rate decreased. Professor Yinchu Ma (1957) initiated the policy with his book New Population Theory. His book responded to the huge increase in population growth occurring in China (Singer 1998). Under the Mao republic, leaders saw the population development as a danger to the nation’s economy (White 1994). The political party promoted childbirth in the 1950s and 1960s according to the slogan “one is a good few, two is just enough, and three is over” (White 1994). However these efforts were not successful and there were 250 million additional people in the 1970s. More steps were taken to encourage population control. These steps included focusing on contraceptive and abortion services in the countryside and encouraging later marriages. In 1982 the Chinese population was over one billion and the growth rate made China’s modernization goals more difficult.
It is clear that China’s one child policy has affected Chinese society in multiple ways. The policy has resulted in corruption in the Chinese government, an abuse of women’s rights, female feticide, and an imbalance in the gender ratio, and potential problems with China’s elderly and younger populations. The Chinese government decided to implement a one child policy in order to counter the effects of rapid population growth. The question to ask is if the benefits of population control really do outweigh the problems the policy has created in Chinese society. It will be interesting to see if the policy continues to affect Chinese culture in the future, and how the changes that have been recently made play out.
China’s attempt at making the lives of their people better simply does nothing but put them in unnecessary pain. The law is cruel and unjust and should have never been put in affect. The one child policy was established in 1979, in an attempt to regulate the out of control population increase. In 1979, when the policy was adopted, the population in China was over 950 million people. Today, in the year 2000, the population has skyrocketed to over 1.3 billion people (Gilmore np ). China is extremely overcrowded and is continuing to grow.Statistics show China’s population is growing at rate where they are eventually going to run out of places to house and feed their people.
For many years, China’s rapidly growing population was on the uprise, predicted to surpass 1 billion people, during the early 1980’s. When Mao Zedong took control of China after a long-lasting civil war in 1949, China was a very poor country, with population growth at its highest. After facing extreme shortages of food and resources for many years, China’s government implemented the one-child policy around 1979, in order to manage China’s ever-growing population. Under the one-child policy, couples of the Han Chinese ethnic group, approximately 90% of the population, were limited to only having 1 child with exceptions. Although dissipating around 2015 becoming the two-child policy, many people argue if it is a good idea for the Chinese government
The reason for writing this topic is to increase the understanding of the one child policy implemented in china. This report gives specific statistics, case study and information about the one child policy in China and about the abuse of women by the government for having too many babies. The report provides an analysis and evaluation of the one child policy’s pros and cons. If the one child policy had not been introduced, there would have been a dramatic increase in population. On the other hand, this policy has caused a lot of pain to the family members.
The one-child policy has caused many more issues than it has solved. The restrictions people must follow are causing a lot of the problems. One of the issues is that China will not relax the policy (Olesen 1). By limiting urban families to one child in a family, China is trying to conserve their natural resources and control the population (Olesen 1). The policy has prevented over 400 million births (MacLeod 1). Before conceiving, parents must obtain a birth permit from the government. Under the permit, married couples are allowed to have one child. If they want to have another one, they must apply for permission and must meet certain regulations and conditions (Dewey 4). In China, families who have more than one child are frowned upon. They pay higher tuition, higher daycare fees, higher tax penalties and are faced with discrimination (Dewey 5). Banners hung all around China’s countryside read, “Give birth to fewer babies, plant more trees” and “If you give birth to extra children, your family will be ruined” (Demick 2). Parents who give birth to more children could also be charged a compensation fee for every kid. On the other hand, families who follow the one-child policy are given preferential treatment for jobs, housing and maternity leaves (Dewey 5). There are many regulatio...
China’s communist party created this policy in 1979 and has prevented over 400 million births with the use of forced abortions and sterilizations like Uzbekistan. In January of 2016, this policy has been changed into a two-child policy due to a realization that there can be an economic consequence to the failing birth-rate. Also, due to the fact that couples can only have one child, the future of China’s population can be a burden. Researchers stated, “The graying population will burden health care and social services, and the world’s second-largest economy will struggle to maintain its growth (Jiang, Steven)”. With the lack of production for more newborns, the population will gradually have a majority of elderly people within their society. The new population policy made add an increase in population, but it still puts a limit on the population. If couples had this policy lifted, it can make the overpopulation problem occur again. Therefore, this transition from one child to two children helps balance out under-population and overpopulation in
My aim is to find out how does the One-child policy work in real life and what are people’s opinions on it. After my research and survey, I concluded that, the one child policy is necessary in China, in order to control such a large population.
Feng Wang and Cai Yong stated that the fertility rate was already declining and the policy wasn’t necessary for the Chinese people, especially because of the enormous costs. The fertility rate, which is the number of children the average woman has in her lifetime, in China started at 2.7 in 1979 and decreased to 1.7 in 2008. The article “China’s One Child Policy at 30” argued that the policy did not need to be introduced in China because the rates were already lower than Brazil at 4.2 and Thailand at 3.6.
A growing population can mean two very different things for a developing nation versus an already developed nation. For example, in developing nations many people live off of less than a dollar a day, with multiple mouths to feed, clothe, and shelter, poverty remains a large looming reality for many people living within underdeveloped nations. Sernau explains these realities, “One billion of the world’s people are in abject poverty, earning less than the equivalent of a dollar a day (see Collier 2007, The Bottom Billion). The United Nations places this group in the category of “extreme poverty.” Another billion earn less than $2 a day, enough to escape starvation but not enough to move out of poverty” (Sernau 21). However, population rates continue to grow throughout developing nations while these same rates continue to drop within already developed nations. Meaning that
In order to solve the overpopulation issue, the government should pay great attention to it. Some policies, such as “ One China policy”, have already been made in China. They have already paid off. For instance, in 1994, the natural growth rate was 11.21‰, but in 1999 it was only 8.77‰ (SFPCC statics). However, China still has a long way to go in this aspect, for the overpopulation is still serious now, just like what have been mentioned in the previous paragraphs.
The population will continue growing and will peak in 2030 and start to decrease in 2050. Works Cited Pam, and Max. Comparing Population of Countries. Lady Luck Enterprises, 1998-2014.
Human population growth tends to occur in developing countries, where education is poor, particularly among the women who do not want to have fewer children, and the economy is poor. These developing countries are rich with history and the women have ideologies and pressures from the surrounding communities to bear many children. Religion is also heavily practised by the nations, and in some of these religions multiple children is desired. A male may also have the right to marry several women, all of whom he has multiple children with.
Over population has been a global issue for decades. Medical advances have made it possible for people to live longer and have multiple births, which are just some of the factors contributing to this social problem. Many countries have attempted to battle this issue, but none as intensely as China. China allows the government to have full control over family planning to help reduce the population. In 1979 China created a policy called the "One Child Law" which limits couples to only one child. Although the Chinese government hopes to curb the population boom and benefit society, the One Child Policy has morally questionable results, negative impacts on Chinese society, which should be changed.
An increase in human population can influence our economy. Some of the factors that are affected are unemployment, poverty and the restriction of economic expansion. When the population increases, the cost of health, education, and other areas of urban growth are affected. Unempl...