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Triple convergence includes; spatial convergence, time convergence, and modal convergence. Spatial convergence entails drivers using alternate routes of transportation during peak hours. Which in the end due to pushing the carrying capacity, traffic volumes keep on increasing, causing large travel delays. Time convergence includes having large amounts of drivers choosing to travel during peak hours of the day they normally wouldn’t at. Already being as busy as it is during this time having such an increase in drivers causes substantial time delays. Modal convergence includes people who once used public forms of transit, choosing driving as their daily routine. Reasons behind people’s change of transportation include being unhappy the time and travel delays that often result from using public transit. Change is needed. Building and maintaining new roads, as well as making public transit more reliable can really make a difference. A commuter- shed is the area that people travel into the city area from. The number of commuters a city takes in each and every day, coming from outside the city. The number of people in this situation is currently at its highest than ever before. Finding affordable/accessible housing in the downtown area especially in Toronto can be just about the hardest thing to do. So more and more families are finding comfort in living further and further away because of the cheaper and bigger lot sizes. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is a term used that covers all means of transportation, including rail, marine, air, and public/private vehicles. ITS is an important aspect of making sure mobility, safety, efficient transportation, providing financing for new highway infrastructure and transportation dema... ... middle of paper ... ...an include a variety of things, such as the Housing Cost Approach, the Non- Housing Cost Approach, the Quality Adjusted Approach and the Composite Approach. The housing cost approach involves determining the difference between what a given person earns in relation to what they pay for housing. In retrospect no one should be forced to pay over 30% of their annual pay on housing. The non-housing approach focuses on a household's ability to pay due to its sensitivity to the impact of housing cost on the capacity of the household to meet essential non-housing costs. The quality adjusted approach determines whether or not households that are making a low income, are being forced to live in housing that is not up to government standards for less than the specified (30%) of income from households whose income is adequate to bear such costs. The composite approach involves

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