The scientific definition for cancer is a disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control growth. Cancer cells don’t respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells, which means they divide uncontrollably. Cancer cells are different than healthy cells because they don’t die but continue to divide. The infected cells absorb the nutrients other cells need, block nerve connections, and prevent the organs they invade from doing their job.
Cancer is caused by a defect in genes that control cell growth and division. Things like smoking, chewing tobacco, and radiation exposure can cause these defects. Most cancer cells have a defect in the gene called p53. The gene p53 stops the cell cycle until all the chromosomes have been duplicated right, but when it is defective or damaged it makes cells lose their information needed to respond to signals that normally control growth.
The cancer I chose is Esophageal Cancer. It is a cancer that forms in the tissues along the esophagus. There are two types of esophageal cancer; one is called squamous cell carcinoma, which is cancer that starts in flat cells along the esophagus. The other is called adenocarcinoma, which is a cancer that starts in cells that make mucus and other fluids. I chose it because my grandpa Gyhra had it and that is what he died of. I never got to meet him...
There are four different stages of esophageal cancer with many sub-stages. The stages of esophageal cancer are based on how deep the tumor has gone into the wall of the esophagus, where it’s located, and if the cells have spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body. There are different stages for the different forms of Esophageal Cancer. At stage IA of Adenocarcinoma the cancer has gone throug...
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.... The side effects depend on the drugs given and how much of it. Some side effects are infections, bruise and bleed easily, weakness, tiredness, hair loss, no appetite, nausea, diarrhea, sores around your mouth, skin rashes, joint pain, and hearing problems
It kills fast-growing cancer cells, but also hurts healthy cells. Another treatment is Targeted Therapy. This is used for people whose cancer has spread. It blocks the growth and spread of the cells and is given intravenously so it can go after all the bad cells in the body. Some side effects are diarrhea, stomach pain, heartburn, joint pain, tingling in your arms and legs, and heart problems. There are also clinical trials. Patients who have advanced stages or patients whose cancer haven’t responded to the other treatments. Clinical trials help doctors learn more about that type of cancer and cancer in general.
Cancer is the term used to describe a group of diseases consisting of hundreds of ailments and although there exists so many different types of cancer, they all begin in a similar way. The body is made up of over a trillion cells, and cancer is the uncontrolled growth of malfunctioning cells in the body (Dawson, 1996). “Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries” (American Cancer Society, 2012).
... other treatments, like surgery or radiation, to kill any leftover cells that are still in the body. Chemo can also be used in the form of neoadjuvant therapy to shrink tumors to prepare for other forms of treatment, or in the form of palliative therapy to relieve pain. Today, doctors are using chemotherapy for other diseases besides cancer, such as bone marrow diseases and immune system disorders.
The medication given to the children is a trial and error situation. The right drug could take years to find. The children taking this drug feel like test subjects when their pediatrician/psychotherapists must monitor them for compliance to the medication. Side effects differ from each individual, ranging from nervous breakdowns, inadequacy, mania, delusions, physical harm, self harm and possible attempted suicide. These symptoms can be treated with even more medication. Other side effects include: headache, stomach ache, dry mouth, constipation, gas, weight loss/gain, and acne. These symptoms might go away or are tolerable. New symptoms are hard to determine whether or not they are due from a new illness, the drugs, or just natural hormone development.
...effects that can come with chemotherapy such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, mouth sores, and more. Radiation therapy is pretty bad but not as painful with side effects. Side effects for radiation therapy are coughing, fever, fullness of chest, soreness and scaring. Many times surgery is not an option but when is it is one of the best options due to the fact there are less side effects and no strenuous treatment. One of the reasons cancer is such a bad thing is because the treatment is not good but research is taking place and working to get more effective.
Most side effects go away after a while, but not always. Some common side effects are nausea, loss of appetite, headaches, dry mouth, dizziness, moodiness, trouble sleeping, and tics. If you change the times of when you take your medicine or what you eat with it then that can cause more side effects. The medication should be taken with food and you should eat throughout the day and drink plenty of fluids. Depending upon your side effects and the results from your medication, the doctor might change
Chemotherapy is the use of chemicals to cure cancer. Chemotherapy is also known as “chemo”. The term for chemo came from the German bacteriologist Paul Ehrlich around the year 1900. He came up with the term when he was examining aniline dyes and arsenicals as possible treatments for diseases such as syphilis. He envisioned “magic bullets” that would be able to target invading organisms but still leave the host unscathed. This goal has been providing therapeutic benefits without many side effects in all areas of drug development. There has been a lot of success with compounds that modulate normal biochemistry within the body.
Tumors are formed by the alteration of the body’s own cells. This can be caused by environmental factors such as radiation, like UV exposure, chemicals or viruses 1. These can disrupt genes that control growth and cause an increase in cell division and proliferation. Proto-oncogenes are those genes that control normal but essential cell processes that keep cell growth and death in check. Two important categories are apoptosis genes, which regulate cell death, and tumor suppressor genes, which decrease cell propagation 1 . If these genes were mutated to the point where they cannot produce a functioning protein, cell division would continue far past what it was supposed to and unhealthy cells would be allowed to live and continue to multiply. This is what creates a malignant tumor. Certain conditions in the body can also promote the growth of cancer cells. One of these is a deficiency of natural killer (NK) cells, which are able to kill cancer cells by creating a pore in the cell membrane with perforin and releasing granzymes into the cell. Low levels of perforin allow for tumor growth 1. Chronic inflammation can also ...
Breast Cancer, as well as other forms of cancer, scientists do know how it occurs, but they do not know an exact cause. There are some genes in our body called oncogenes, genes that have potential to cause cancer, that increases the speed of cell division while other genes such as tumor suppressors, cause the cells to die at the correct time. Mutations that occur in the DNA, which “turn on” the oncogenes or “turn off” tumor suppressor genes, will cause some of the cells to be cancerous in the breast("American Cancer Society"). Also, Breast Cancer can be increased by inherited gene mutations and acquired gene mutations. The risk of Breast Cancer can be increased dramatically, through the inheritance from parent to offspring, if a mutation occurs. For example, if a suppressor gene, such as BRCA, forms a mutation, then it is likely to be passed to future generations. This gene no longer suppresses abnormal growth, therefore there is a higher chance of cancer being developed. Even though Breast Cancer can be inherited it is more likely to be acquired through one breast cell. The acquired mutations could be a result of of radiation or cancer-causing chemicals. ...
Cancer is a term used for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and begin to invade other tissues. The term cancer is also used when cells start to produce too quickly when there are not enough cells dying. Cancer cells are also called malignant cells. Cancerous cells are able to invade other healthy cells and can spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems.
The cancer cells from gene-mutation. Scientists now know some of the risk factors for lung cancer can cause certain changes in the DNA of lung cells. These changes can lead to not normal cell growth and, sometimes, cancer. DNA is the chemical in each of our cells that makes up our genes and how our cells function. People usually look like their parents because they are the source of our DNA. But DNA affects more than how we look; it also can affect our risk for developing certain diseases, including some kinds of cancer like lung cancer etc…Some people inherit DNA mutation from their parents that greatly increase their risk for developing certain cancers.
The only frequently occurring side effect was constipation, which occurred in 9% on ondansetron and 2% on placebo. Other less frequent side effects which included headache, rectal bleeding, backache and abdominal pain, were almost the same between the two groups.
...of not only them but also other things. (Schulz 2005). Finally, in conclusion, gene mutations and alterations affect the body’s ability to control the rate of cell division, which therefore defines cancer the direct result of gene mutation. Cells affected by mutations are exposed to the reproduction into a tumour. Once the tumour expands in growth, more and more mutations occur in subsequent cell divisions and eventually become a dysplasia and instigates invasion into surrounding tissues. In simpler terms, the cancer is spread to other organs and parts of the body. Following this, metastasis occurs resulting in the cancer spreading through the person and/or animals blood stream and/or lymphatic systems and forms other colonies which thus secretes other harmful organelles, and also disrupts normal bodily function, and possibly leading to and eventuating in death.
Each year more than 8 billion people are diagnosed with cancer all around the world. Everyone knows that cancer is a disease but what exactly is it? Cancer is not just one disease, there are actually more than 100 different types of cancer. Cells from any part of the body can become cancer and spread. Some types of cancers are more common than others. In order to understand what cancer is, it’s important to know how healthy cells function. Healthy human cells grow and divide in order to produce more cells when the body needs them. When the cells becomes damaged, it dies and gets replaced with a new cell; this process is called apoptosis. Unlike healthy cells, cancer causes the cells to grow out of control. The damaged cells survive and the
By harnessing this normal cell process, scientists hope to have found an effective way to combat cancer. Cancer is a disease that affects human somatic cells. It causes the cells to divide uncontrollably and form masses known as tumors. There are two different types of cancer tumors. Some tumors are benign, and other tumors are malignant.